SPHS 3070 Introduction to Audiology Exam 2 Review Pathways of Sound Audiogram Hearing Loss 1 What is the difference between hearing by air conduction and by bone conduction Bone sound directly stimulates mechanism Air sound travels 2 What is the relationship between sound measurement in SPL vs HL SPL sound pressure level HL sound level in reference to audiomet 3 What are conductive sensorineural mixed retrocochlear central and functional hear through the air ric 0 ing losses Conductive due to a disorder of the outer and or middle ear Sensorineural due to a disorder of the cochlea or beyond Mixed due to a combination of a disordered outer and or middle ear PLUS in ner ear or beyond 4 Name 6 other ways to classify hearing loss sudden gradual congenital acquired chronic 8 weeks temporary perma nent progressive unilateral bilateral symmetric asymmetric 5 Know what an audiogram is what is plotted on it and what the correct symbols are frequency by dBHL X left air left bone O right air right bone 6 In what three ways are hearing losses described Type degree configuration 7 What are some of the characteristics of a conductive hearing loss flat configuration max limit of 60 65 dB reduces volume of incoming 8 What is an air bone gap What does it mean if one exists difference between air and bone conduction of at least 10dBHL 9 What are the three important affects sensorineural hearing loss has on hearing Reduction of cochlear sensitivity frequency resolution dynamic range 10 What is the puretone average and how do you calculate it Average AC threshold for 500 1k 2k divided by 3 11 What are the ranges for the different degrees of hearing loss Normal 10 25 Slight Minimal 16 25 Mild 26 40 Moderate 41 55 Moderately severe 56 70 Severe 71 90 Profound 91 diogram hear high freq precipitous 12 What are the basic configurations of hearing loss and what do they look like on an au Flat rising sloping low frequency can t hear low freq High frequency can t 13 What is a retrocochlear disorder and what are it s characteristics Result of structural lesions of nervous system Speech Recognition ability af fected 14 What are the various names for a functional hearing loss Functional malingering pseudohypacusis non organic 15 What factors impact hearing loss age degree of sensitivity type sudden gradual loss 16 What are some specific patient factors for children For adults How fast does the hearing loss occur Causes of Hearing Impairment 1 What are the conditions that affect the outer ear and what are their characteristics Otitis swimmer s ear Sunburn Collapsing ear canal carci noma stenosis narrowing ear canal atresia oltagia mi crotia 2 What is the difference between atresia microtia and otalgia Atresia absence of normal opening to canal Microtia small pinna oltagia Conductive 3 If a condition of the outer ear only results in a hearing loss what type of loss would it be conductive sensorineural mixed or retrocochlear 4 What is the difference between otitis externa and otitis media Media pus filled middle ear Externa fluid in the outer ear 5 What are the conditions that affect the middle ear and what are their characteristics Ossicular chain discontinuity damaged ossicles otosclerosis lesion on stapes carhartt notch malleus fixation 6 What are the 3 types of TM perforations Central pars tensa Marginal debris in middle ear Retraction pars flaccida retracts from negative pressure 7 What is a maximum conductive hearing loss 8 What disorder is a Carhart Notch associated with and what does it look like on an audio Fairly flat air conduction left right bone don t match up 9 If a condition of the middle ear only results in a hearing loss what type of loss would it be conductive sensorineural mixed or retrocochlear 10 Who usually treats outer and middle ear disorders 11 What are the conditions that affect the inner ear and what are their characteristics Vestibular schwannoma tumor Facial nerve disorders diabetes 12 What does the audiogram usually look like with a noise induced hearing loss normal then drops off at 4k 13 What does the Damage Risk Criteria from OSHA tell us about noise exposure gram Sensorineural ENT 14 If a condition of the inner ear only results in a hearing loss what type of loss would it be conductive sensorineural mixed or retrocochlear Retrocochlear Mixed acteristics 15 If a condition of the middle ear AND the inner ear results in a hearing loss what type of loss would it be conductive sensorineural mixed or retrocochlear 16 What are the conditions that affect the central auditory system and what are their char Disrupted blood supply multiple sclerosis hereditary motor sensory neu ropatis affects ganglion 17 If a condition of the central auditory system results in a hearing loss what type of loss would it be conductive sensorineural mixed or retrocochlear 18 Remember how to do the basic math equations for period frequency wavelength etc Retrocochlear This is a cumulative exam period 1 freq Frequency 1 period Auditory Processing Disorder 1 What is APD Auditory processing disorder used to be central auditory processing disorder 2 What are the 5 areas a person with APD might struggle with Sound localization auditory discrimination pattern performance with com peting sounds and degrading sounds 3 What two populations are most effected by APD children and elderly 4 What is the cause of APD in these populations children unknown developmental delay elderly neural degeneration 5 What are the symptoms of APD Difficulty perceiving in noisy places localzing sound and time related cues sensitized speech audiometric mesures temporal alterations and gap detec 6 What are the criteria for doing APD testing at least 7 years old normal IQ 7 What are some of the tests used tion 8 What are the consequences of APD hard to hear with background noise 9 What is involved in remediation of APD 10 Which professional tests for APD 11 Which professional performs remediation Hearing Assessment not 1 method change in learning environment skills to compensate 1 Why is a case history important What are some questions you might ask What is the purpose of taking a case history INfo onnature of auditory complaints duration of the problem possible 2 What test is done to evaluation the outer ear otoscopy 3 What can cause functional deficits of the outer and middle ear mechanisms 4 What is threshold What three things do we obtain threshold measures for Level at which a stimulus is audible 5 What is suprathreshold and what is a