Lecture 1Which is true?A. The earth’s orbit forms a perfect circle ellipse around the sun. B. The earth is closest to the sun during the northern hemisphere summer winterC. The point where the earth is farthest from the sun is called aphelion.D. The shape of the earth’s orbit around the sun never changes. Over timeT/F The main reason it is winter in the northern hemisphere in January is because the sun is closest farther way.Which is true?A. The point that is receiving insolation from directly overhead (perpendicular, 90⁰) is called the DIP: direct insolation point. subsolar pointB. The latitude that is receiving insolation from directly overhead is called the DIP: direct insolationdeclination parallel perpendicular of latitudeC. Places that are curved away from the sun receive less insolation.D. Not all places receive the same amount of light because the earth is shaped like an ellipse. SphereThe tilt of the earth’s axis is currently:A. Straight up and downB. 23.5°C. 26°D. 10.5°T/F The earth revolves rotates around its axis.T/F Right now, the earth’s tilt is becoming greater. lessAxial parallelism means:A. The tilt of the earth is in fixed alignment: the north star is always above the north poleB. The axis of the earth is parallel to the axis of the sunC. The axis of the earth is parallel to the axis of the moon Which are true?A. March 21-22 (roughly) is called the Vernal SolsticeB. During a solstice, the sun’s direct rays are over the equator tropic of cap and can C. During a solstice, the sun’s direct rays are 23.5° North or South of the equatorD. The farthest north the sun’s direct rays ever get is about 15° 23.5 north latitudeE. During the winter, the sun’s direct rays are farther away, so temperatures are colder.F. Solstices occur in June and December.G. The direct rays of the sun are over the Tropic of Capricorn in June. decH. The direct rays of the sun are over the Tropic of Cancer in December. junWhich are false?A. At the equinoxes, daylength is 12 hours long all over the planet.B. The equinoxes occur in July and December. Sept +marchC. The shortest day of the year in the southern hemisphere is at the solstice – June 21 or 22.D. Daylength changes more as we get towards the poles. The longest day of the year in the northernhemisphere is at the solstice – June 21 or 22.E. Daylength does not change very much around the equator.F. Daylength is always about 16 12hours long around the equator.G. The Arctic Circle occurs at 60.5° N 66.5 H. The latitude at 66.5°S is called the Polar Circle Antarctic I. The seasons (daylength) are most extreme at the poles.J. The daylengths are 12 hours long at the pole on the equinoxes.K. At the Arctic/Antarctic Circles, the sun never sets on the day of the summer solstice.L. More intense insolation and longer days are in winter.As tilt changes, the north star will not be PolarisAlrai will be the north star in ad 3000Kinshasha congo gets 12 hrs of sun in summer The aurora borealis occurs in astrialis Lecture 2The sun has ___________ of the matter in the solar system:A. 80%B. 90%C. 95%D. 99.9%Clouds of electrically charged particles that surge outward in all directions from the Sun’s surface are called:A. Solar nebulaB. Solar windC. Solar stormsD. Solar hot spotsSolar wind is deflected by:A. The upper AtmosphereB. The MagnetosphereC. GravityD. Centrifugal forceT/F Auroras are caused by the interaction of solar wind and the upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere.T/F The aurora australis are the northernSouthern lights.What are FALSE true about sunspots and sunstorms?a) Sunspots are areas on earth that receive high intensity rays.b) Have potential to swamp GPS signals.c) Can bring down power grids.d) Could affect ATM’s.e) There are no correlations between sunspots and temperatures on earth.f) Power companies create risk strategies to deal with sunspots.g) Sunspots are areas on the sun caused by magnetic storms.h) a 25-year cycle of sunspots just ended.T/F Solar radiation that reaches the earth is called soradiation. isolationWhich ones are not matched correctly?a) Gamma rays: luminous bursts in spaceb) Radio wavelengths: TVc) Ultraviolet: vegetation depicted in reds not seen by humansd) Thermal infrared: the Earthe) Thermal infrared: Thermography f) Near infrared: bees photographyg) Visible light: rainbowh) Microwave: radar1. Gamma rays: short wave2. Radio wavelengths: short wave longwave3. Ultraviolet: long short wave 4. Thermal infrared: long wave 5. Near infrared: longwave shortwave6. Visible light: shortwave 7. Microwave: shortwave long waveLecture 3Which are FALSE?A. Air pressure is defined as: the weight of the atmosphere.B. We are not crushed by air pressure because of a counterbalancing force within us, pressing out.C. Gravity compresses air, so air is denser at the surface than it is higher up. D. The air pressure is nearly 200 300pounds per square inch at sea level.E. Atmospheric pressure is measured in millibars here in the U.S.F. Above 300 miles is the exosphere; below that is the earth’s atmosphereG. The higher up denser air, the more molecules there are in the air, and more oxygen you get with each breath.Which is FALSE about Kittinger’s jump from space? A. Although it was daytime, the sky was almost black, because there were no air molecules to reflect the light.B. There was a huge rushing noise as he hurtled through space. No noise no air C. His air suit didn’t flutter, because there wasn’t enough air to create frictionWhich answer contains three of the most important elements/molecules in the atmosphere?A. Nitrogen, oxygen, heliumB. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, chlorineC. Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxideD. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium T/F Nitrogen accounts for roughly 65% 78 of the atmosphereT/F Oxygen accounts for roughly 45% 21 of the atmosphereT/F Carbon dioxide accounts for roughly 10% .04 of the atmosphere. T/F In photosynthesis, plants take in oxygen carbon dioxide and emit carbon dioxide oxygenT/F In the very early history of the earth, there was no oxygen in the air.T/F The famous graph that shows carbon dioxide levels slowly rising, but with a distinct up and down annual cycle is known as the Namath Trend. Keeling curve T/F The Keeling curve shows that carbon dioxide levels vary seasonally.T/F The Browning curve keeling curve shows that carbon dioxide levels are rising steadily.T/F Nitrogen carbon forms the backbone of life on Earth.T/F Plants take