History of Jazz Final Work Sheet and Study Guide Terms to know bebop attitude wore shades to remain anonymous played with back to the audience did not take requests tunes were very difficult to play and not singable or recognizable didn t encore audience participation or younger players no dancing beret part of the bebop identity symbolized European travel education Blue Note Records famous record label in the 1940s pay for musicians rehearsal time musicians have input Avant Garde an experimental period different and not readily understood much improvisation wild crazy free form Cool critics describe as predominantly white segregation by recording companies described as the least innovative period in the course of jazz main objective of musicians was to be relaxed cool and reserved produced pure unemotional steel like sonority of their instruments West Coast inspired Dixieland Revival Europe primarily by white musicians and expatriates black jazz musicians who moved from the United States to Europe and the like to avoid discrimination San Francisco Jazz dropping bombs accents using the bass drum Freedom another name for the Avant Garde era funky characterized by a hard back beat groove electrified sounds put the pots on Fusion combination of Rock and Jazz music Hard Bop blues based East Coast answer to the cool school harmony structure of sounds with chords MJQ aka Modern Jazz Quartet 1952 one of the most innovative groups in jazz was first formed from within the rhythm section of Dizzy Gillespie s big band and has been together longer than any other group in jazz includes Connie Kay drums John Lewis piano Milt Bags Jackson vibes Percy Heath bass John Lewis was the musical director who combined a classical chamber style with true jazz Modality playing on scales instead of chords popular in the 1950s mode on a piano is mode starts on a white key and moves either up or down an octave only including the white keys seven total modes dorian ionian Progressive Jazz most brief periods of jazz 1945 48 white big band jazz western european compositional techniques large brass sections concert format phrygian lydian mixolydian aeolian locrian swing is not a priority absence of blues presence of latin put the pots on another name for grooving Miles Davis underlying rhythm and steady pulse royalties a sm of money paid to an artist in return for use of their composition sampling taking a cut from an original recording rhythm section a drummer a bass player and one or more chordal instruments ex piano guitar a group of musicians within an ensemble that provide an scat the singer s use of non lexical syllables syllables that don t spell out actual words to imitate sounds made by instrumentalists unknown origin Third Stream term used to describe the combination of West European art music and mainstream jazz that was played during the late 1950s and early 1960s a composer s music highly intellectualized not very successful financially vocalese a syllabic lyrics song text written to correspond exactly with a previously recorded solo woodshedding practicing constantly upped the learning curve evolve music into extremely valuable V I P S Professor David Baker Art Blakey drummer band leader Pittsburgh native lead Jazz Messengers with Horace Silver bebop hard bop Ray Brown an influential jazz double bassist known for extensive work with Oscar Peterson among others Kenny Klook a mop Klook Clarke jazz drummer early bebop innovator Miles Davis an American jazz musician trumpeter bandleader composer Ella Fitzgerald queen of jazz bebop vocalist scat singer Dizzy Gillespie trumpet founding father of bebop Stan Kenton father of progressive jazz Thelonious Monk bebop pianist known for his intrinsic harmonic progressions Charlie Yardbird Bird Parker bebop king of alto saxophone Vi Redd bebop musician Gunther Schuller co founded the Third Stream movement credited with inventing the term third stream Mary Lou Williams pianist woman of jazz played at the Pitt Jazz Seminar Lester Young known as the father of the cool tenor saxophonist Henry Mancini American conductor composer and arranger remembered for his film and television scores Breakfast at Tiffany s The Pink Panther Father of Progressive Jazz Stan Kenton pianist and composer conducted clinics in college campuses promoting progressive music progressive suggested a search for intellectualism in jazz poor public response Kenton s concentration of sound clusters especially in the brass distinguished his music Father of the Cool Lester Young tenor saxophone in Count Basie Orchestra produced a pure vibratoless sound other musicians tried to imitate his sound greatly influenced by Lady Day Billie Holiday Father of Avant Garde critics Ornette Coleman alto saxophonist plastic instrument produced a unique sound that he preferred highly personalized concept integration of freedom and funk doubled with violin left handed and trumpet Father of Avant Garde musicians Eric Dolphy virtuoso instrumentalist and exceptional knowledge of music theory association with John Coltrane active member of the young jazz community in Los Angeles CA preferred the bass clarinet and flute died from diabetic coma Positive and negative contribution of Charlie Parker positive changed the way alto saxophone was played negative abused drugs Four points of Parker s resourceful technique used as a precomposed standard used harmonic structure composed a new melody allowed him to collect royalties Five features of Bebop instruments of music fast tempo blues based no work song chords exploration of moody Four Founding Fathers of Bebop Kenny Clarke Dizzy Gillespie Thelonious Monk Charlie Parker Bebop caricature beret round glasses goatee Five aspects of bebop identity beret European travel education eyeglasses frames intellectualism shades anonymity goatee countercultural image male machismo African dashiki return to African roots liberation from racism conversion to Islam Six behaviors of Bebop attitude wore shades to remain anonymous played with back to the audience did not take requests tunes were very difficult to play and not singable or recognizable didn t encourage audience participation or younger players no dancing Two part Kenny Clarke drumming innovation dropping bombs high hat ride cymbal Jazz instructional materials Jamey Abersold Professor David Baker David Coker New melodic instruments in Cool flute oboe clave violin french horn Four members instruments MJQ Connie Kay drums John Lewis