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CTE 4443 Study Guide Exam 2ComfortFreedom from pain & discomfort, neutral state; pleasant state of physiological, psychological, and physical harmony between a human being and the environmentPsychological comfort implies that individuals need specific garments, fabrics, colors and design features to help them feel confident and at ease within the contextof the various roles they assumeFactors:-Self-image-Relationship with others-Need of privacyPhysiological Comfort refers to maintenance of thermal balance: The proper relationship between body heat production and loss.Factors:-Cardiovascular system-Skeleto-muscular system-Central nervous system-Pulmonary system-Digestive system-Thermoregulatory mechanismPhysical Aspects of Comfort refers to different sensations and feelings of discomfort and/or pain, which influence the two types of comfort.Factors:-Touch-Sight-Hearing-Taste-SmellPhysical properties: Thermo-physiological comfort: thermal resistance, breathability, absorption of water, wickability, water resistance, and drying rateSensorial (Neuro-physiological) Comfort: Prickliness, itchiness, inflammation, Roughness, Thermal character (warm/cool feeling), Electrostatic propensityBody-Movement Comfort: Stretch, Weight, and Pressure/compressionHand- tactile; touch or sight, test for: Pliable to stiff, Stretchy to non-stretchy, Springy to limp, Smooth to rough, Compact to open, Cool to warm, Harsh to slippery,Soft to hardDrape- manner in which a fabric hangs over a 3-dimensional form; how it bends under its own weight; occurs when part of fabric is supported and gravity produces deformation in unsupported portion; 0-100% is the drape coefficient, above 50% stiffAffects of drapability: 1. Fiber content- some are more stiff, rayon known for drapability2. Yarn structure- tight will have less, loose has more3. Fabric structure- high fabric count less drapeMoisture Absorbency: -Ability of material (absorbent) to take in or absorb another material (absorbate)-Ability to retain liquid (water) in interstices, pores, and internal portions-Evaluate how quickly liquid absorbed and quantity absorbed at saturation point -Specular reflectance- shiny reflective surface of water drop when it beads up on surfaceWater repellency: relative resistance of material to surface wetting, water penetration, or water absorption Water resistance: ability of material to withstand penetration by water under pressure or water that drops from distance and strikes against material with knownforce Waterproof materials: resistant to water penetration regardless of pressure or force Water Vapor Transmission:-Speed with which water vapor passes through material-Dessicant method: known weight of dried calcium chloride placed in container covered by material; weight gain-Water method: specimen covers pan containing known amount of water; water lossby evaporation measuredPhysical aspects that influence thermal comfort: Fabric Mass, Fabric Thickness, Fiber, Yarn, and Fabric Structures, Porosity is the ratio of air space to the total volume of the fabric, expressed as a percentage, Cover Factor is defined as the opacity or hiding power in textilesHeat transfer: refers to the transfer of heat energy from one environment to another. Heat transfer occurs whenever a temperature difference (DT) exists between two environments; heat moves from the warmer surface or area to the cooler surface or area-Conduction: is the transfer of heat by physical contact, either within a body or between two touching bodies-Convection: is heat transfer via a moving air mass within space-Radiation: involves heat transfer through space in the form of electromagnetic energyAnti-Static Finishes: Conditions for static electric charge build-up are cool, dry environment; Manufactured fibers build up static electric charges because they are hydrophobic and do not allow conduction of electrical charges; Healthy adult humanbody can tolerate about 5000 volts (5kV) of electrical chargesMoisture Transfer: It refers to the transfer of liquid water or vapor. The transfer of moisture generally is from the wetter environment to the drier environment until equilibrium is reached. Moisture is produced by the body in the form of perspiration(insensible and sensible perspirations).- Diffusion, Sorption, Wicking, EvaporationWater Resistance: a physical barrier to water penetrationWater Repellent: does not allow water penetration in one side but it allows moisture transfer from bodyWaterproof: does not allow any penetration of water from either side to the other.Hydrophilic- absorbs waterHydrophobic- repels waterAir Permeability: It is the degree to which the material is penetrable by air. It is alsothe rate of airflow through a fabric when there is a different air pressure on either surface of the fabric.FlammabilityCombustion: A chemical process in which oxidation produces heat energy.-Flaming combustion-Spontaneous combustion-Flameless combustion -SmolderingBy-Products of Combustion: smoke- toxic gas (CO most toxic), molten polymer compounds- melting and drippingLimiting Oxygen Index: The amount of oxygen required to support the combustion of a fiberFibers with LOI above 21 self extinguish-Cellulosic - 17-20-Wool - 25.2-Manufactured - 18.2-20.6Flame resistance: the property of a material whereby flaming combustion is prevented terminated or inhibited following application of a source of ignition.Fire Triangle: In order for there to be a fire three elements must be present- Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat FuelFlame retardant finishes work by blocking one leg of the fire triangle – usually blocking the oxygenTextiles: - Fireproof – asbestos- Noncombustible – glass- Flame resistant - aramid, wool, modacrylic, vinyon, saran, other high performance fibers- Flammable - cellulosics (natural and manufactured), acrylic, nylon, polyester,olefinFlammable Fabrics Act:- Passed in 1953- Banned the use and sale of highly flammable materials for clothing- Five new standards have been passed since the original 1967 amendment- The standards are published with a Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) notation- CFR 1630 Large Carpets and Rugs- CFR 1631 Small Carpets and Rugs- CFR 1632 Mattresses and Mattress Pads- CFR 1633 Upholstered FurnitureAll clothing must meet requirements; children’s sleepwear specifically regulated by Consumer Product Safety CommissionCPSC- responsible for recalls on many products- boy’s pajamas- ASTM D1230-


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FSU CTE 4443 - Exam 2

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