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II Directing E ects in benzene substituents 1 Standard Alkyl Groups R groups 16 2 A No resonance weak activators through induction therefore ortho para directors B Sterics dictate o p ratio 2 halogenated alkyl groups CF3 etc A No resonance weak strong deactivators induction meta directors 3 Strong electron donors resonance 16 3 A Strong activation through resonance weak deactivation through induction o p directors c Aniline and phenol are superactivated A Withdrawal induction and resonance meta directors 4 Strong deactivators resonance 5 Halogens exception to the rule A Deactivating through induction very weakly activating resonance o p directors

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