TC 101 REVIEW FOR EXAM 1 SMCR Source Message Channel Receiver Model for communication the guiding model ex Woman words phone phone tower husband Different forms of broadcast One to One Interpersonal One to Many Mass communication Many to Many Many to One News mass media A newer form of mass media ex Wikipedia Asynchronous Synchronous Communication Synchronous happening immediately Asynchronous has a delay Example synchronous getting taught in lecture asynchronous teacher emails lecture notes and student study them one to one one to many many to many Synchronous Asynchronous Conversation Telephone call Skype chat Voice mail Texting E mail Letter Lecture Performance Radio show Youtube TV Newspaper Meeting Town Hall Google Hangout Blogs Facebook group Wikipedia Convergence in uencing changing people s opinion ex if someone is not computer literate they will still be accepting of the internet if they can access it from their tv something they are literate with Hegemony Status Quo the way the majority thinks the norm ex media maintains gender and racial hegemony StatusQuo by portraying certain gender racial roles in media portraying stereotypes If tv shows have mainly white and wealthy families dad works mother stays home makes people think that s the way it should be HEGEMONY THE MEDIA TEACH THE IDEOLOGY OF THE RULING CLASS First Amendment basics Early european newspapers 1600 s elitist censored by authority Rights pushed for by writer s that came to America John Peter Zenger s trial 1733 Peter Zenger was openly critical of british government s policies charged with seditious libel printed lies Alexander Hamilton represented him in court Truth against Libel not guilty because what he printed about government was truthful 1st amendment gives Freedom of the Press Marginal Costs the increase or decrease in costs as a result of one or more or one the more you make the less it costs to make each one economies of scale have lower marginal costs lower prices less unit of output Competition many equal competitors Monopoly one company owns mostly all competition Oligopoly several equal competitors owning most competition Print Printing Presses 1st Printing Press made of wood China 1051 a d 1st movable type able to choose different characters letters symbols Clay Made of metal Korean 1234 a d Gutenberg press Europe 1450 a d Books began to be pressed Revolutionary Era Gutenberg Revolution 1455 Gutenberg bible published 1602 First modern library Oxford 1846 Rotary press can print more than 1 page at a time 1940 s Offset printing able to include color and pictures During the era of Ben Franklin Mostly Bibles or religious tracts Almanacs Magazines local only Pamphlets Thomas Paine s Common Sense Copyright laws emerge in 1790 Rise of Newspapers 1600 1750 s No freedom of the press Publishers received licenses to publish Milton s marketplace for ideas Early american papers shut down for controversial postings Early European newspapers 1600 s Elitist Censored by authority Early American Newspapers 1690 Public Occurrences 1 issue shut down for controversial postings Authority licensed No authority not licensed 1st Amendment gives Freedom of the Press after Peter Zenger s trial Penny Press daily newspapers that sold for one cent Postal Act before law few magazines survived because shipping costs were so high Postal act of 1879 gave magazines special rates letters magazines etc increased next 40 years Magazines local only but began to spread after postal act Eventually developed pulp magazines sex love crime and newsmagazines Social Responsibility Model Not just report facts truthfully but report the truth about the facts William Randolph Hearst yellow journalist you furnish the pictures and I ll furnish the war Joseph Pulitzer truthful journalist Pulitzer prize presented to a journalist with objectivity and respect for journalism Yellow Journalism Sensationalistic reporting in late 19th century sex love crime etc Muckraking investigative reporting aimed at uncovering corruption and bringing out reform Ida Tarbell investigative reporter Radio Marconi Edison Victrola Titanic Samuel Morse electric telegraph morse code Invented wireless telegraph ship to shore technology 1901 broadcasted from canada to england Nikola Tesla rst public demonstration of wireless power technology Lee de Forest Invented the vacuum tube Permitted transmission of voice and music Made it possible to make calls across the continent 1907 made rst ship to shore broadcast across Lake Eerie from the ship Thelma Coined the term Radio 1877 invented phono graph Mary had a little lamb was the rst recorded song 1913 Edison disc phonograph 1925 Edison diamond disc 1906 Played records Genres began to develop Sunk in 1912 The wiresless telegraph played a pivotal role in the disaster It sent radio distress calls tapped out in Morse code over the Marconi wireless system relayed to radio operators in New York Not only was the radio crucial to saving passengers it became central to reporting about the disaster riveting people on both sides of the Atlantic Radio Act of 1912 Titanic disaster created a lot of public attention to the new technology Radio Radio Act of 1912 U S Congress placed radio licensing under the supervision of the Department of Commerce Government takes control of radio regulation Beginning regulation of the airwaves Licensing didn t begin until 1923 Radio Act of 1927 created a Federal Radio Commission FRC standardized band frequencies Cultural Impacts Entertainment through advertisement Gave advertisers direct access to consumers Gave people access to news Talk shows comedy soap operas science ction crime dramas mysteries and kid shows started became popular on radio Record sales dropped Many radio programs turned into tv shows Radio networks became tv networks RCA CBS etc Rise of the Disc Jockey DJ Radio adapted top 40 radio style and also became more local Payola getting payed to play certain songs Film Early history of movies First lm Muybridge Horses 1877 One reelers and short lms Vaudeville early variety show The Nickelodeon early lm theatre Earliest movie 1894 Frank Ott s sneeze Special effects First sci A Trip to the Moon 1902 Incorporated trick photography mirrors etc Edwin S Porter 1913 The Great Train Robbery multi angle shot Muybridge Stanford Made 25 000 bet that a horse can t y Muybridge made rst lm from multiple pictures of a horse running The lm portrayed a horse running and in part of it you can see all 4 legs