Taylor Stone Exam 1 History of Athletic Training 1 Man as a Hunter a Man as a hunter survival of tribe depended upon success of the hunter survival of the hunter depended upon his health health of hunter depended upon Medicine Man b Medicine Man or Shaman used herbs hot oils superstitions magic c Care of Athletes sports were developed as a peaceful means of competition Crete 1600s First Olympic games 776 BC need for someone to care for athletes 2 Recent History athletic training came into existence during the late 19th century with the firm establishment of intercollegiate and interscholastic athletics a 1859 first intercollegiate baseball game 1869 first intercollegiate football game 1881 first athletic trainer at Harvard b S E Bilick had major influence in development when he wrote The Trainers Bible in 1917 c Cramer Brothers early 1920 s began to produce liniment for sprained ankles published The First Aider to enhance the communication and exchange the ideas among the athletic population d 1947 1950 University athletic trainers organized themselves into separate regional conferences later to become districts 1950 101 athletic trainers met in Kansas City and officially formed the NATA to establish professional standards for the athletic trainer The Athletic Trainer 1 Employment Settings educational institutions sports medicine clinics industrial settings governments federal state local professional sports Chapter 1 1 What is Sports Medicine refers to a broad field of healthcare related to physical activity and sport multidisciplinary approach to health management or achievement of full potential clinical application in these areas is aimed at improving and maintaining functional capacities for physical labor exercise and sports sports medicine generally focuses on areas of performance enhancement injury care prevention and management a Human Performance Areas of specialization for performance enhancement exercise physiology biomechanics sports psychology sports nutrition strength conditioning personal fitness training coaching physical education b Injury Management Areas of Specialization sports 2 Sports Medicine Team practice of medicine athletic training sports physical therapy massage therapy dentistry osteopathic medicine sport podiatry orthotist chiro provision of healthcare requires a group effort to be most effective number of individuals each member of the team must perform specific functions relative to caring for the injured athlete relationship between performance enhancement and injury prevention is critical a Strength and Conditioning Coaches oversee fitness of athlete must work with the athletic trainer when it comes to modifying a strength athletic trainer should dictate what the athlete can and cannot do when engaging training program relative to injury in strength and conditioning b Coach coach must be aware of the responsibilities of each individual associated with the team must understand the limits of their ability to function as a health care provider in the state in which they are employed c Athletic Trainer work with athletes from time of injury to resolution directly responsible for all phases of health care in an athletic environment various settings credential of ATC from certification examination injury prevention health promotion clinical examination evaluation acute care of injury illness d Team Physician athletic trainer works under direct supervision of physician physician assumers a number of roles conducting physical exams compiling medical histories diagnosing deciding of playing attending practices Chapter 8 Emergency Action Plan primary concern is maintaining cardiovascular and CNS function key to emergency aid is the initial evaluation of injury practice plan to familiarize themselves with procedures 1 On field Assessment determine nature of injury provides information regarding direction of treatment divided into primary and secondary survey Primary establish presence of life threatening condition airway breathing circulation shock bleeding Secondary assess vital signs more detailed evaluation on non threatening conditions 2 Off Field Assessment Observation Palpation Special Tests performed by athletic trainer PT or physician once athlete has been removed from site of injury History obtain info about injury listen to athlete and how questions are answered compare injured and non injured areas look for gross deformity swelling skin discoloration assess bony and soft tissue structures systematic evaluation beginning with light pressure and progressing deeper designed for every body region for detecting specific pathologies used to substantiate findings from other testing Immediate Treatment Following Acute Injury primary goal is to limit swelling and extent of hemorrhaging if controlled initially rehabilitation time will be greatly reduced Protection prevents further injury immobilization and appropriate forms of transportation will help in protecting Rest stress and strains must be removed following injury as healing begins immediately days of rest differ according to extent of injury Ice initial treatment of acute injuries strains sprains contusions inflammation decrease pain promote vasoconstriction lowers metabolism tissue demand for oxygen and hypoxia Compression decreases space allowed for swelling to accumulate should be maintained daily and nightly for at least 3 days Elevation reduces internal bleeding due to forces of gravity prevents pooling of blood and aids in drainage Emergency Splinting should always splint a suspected fracture before moving w o proper immobilization increased damage and hemorrhage can occur splint above and below fx splint injury in position found Rapid form immobilizer styrofoam chips in airtight sleeve moldable with velco straps to secure Air Splint clear plastic splint inflated with air around affected part can be used for splinting can possibly alter deformity provides moderate pressure Splinting Lower Limb Fracture fractures of foot and ankle require splinting of both foot and ankle fractures involving knee thigh or hip involves splinting of whole legs Splinting of Upper Limb Fracture around shoulder splinting is difficult but doable with sling and swathe upper upper arm and elbow should be splinted with arm straight to lessen bone override lower arm and wrist fractures should be splinted in forearm flexion and limb bound to body supported by sling hand and finger splinted with tongue depressors roller