Nadelyn Pichardo Prof Perkins 2 14 13 LING 100 800 Creaky Voice Phonology Phonemes Allophones Looks at patterns where sounds should and don t show combinations and distribution What people think what they are saying cognitive component People THINK that there is a t at the end of cat Ideas of sounds t ish r ish sound t How an idea is isolated what you actually say th t t Distribution Environment in which allophones occur what sounds are around Immediate Environment what is right next to the sound we are examinating Non immediate environment other sounds between sounds that we want to look at and why it is what it is anatomical MINIMAL PAIRS Look for pair of words that only differ in one sound NOT Main and Maine Sit sI and bit bI One sound is different minimal pair since meaning changed bI and bit NOT minimal Pair meaning did not change not a different word just different pronunciation Fit lit mitt kit zit Cat Kh kit kh Cat Kh cab Kh b I Complementary distribution Only get certain sound in certain context end of word beginning of word in between vowels end beginning of syllables Free Variation Different sounds different context no identical pattern Overlapping Distribution two or more allophones in same environment something of a pattern Natural Classes Patterns of Articulation Consonants voicing place manner Vowels height backness roundness voicing Types of Sound Changes Assimilation sounds become more alike Insertion a sound comes between two other sounds Dissimilation sounds become less alike Deletion a sound is removed Metathesis two sounds swap places Vowel Harmony vowels in a word affix need to share some component of articulation ex capable and irresponsible Expression of Patterns rules 1 Look for differences and similarities 2 Identify natural classes 3 Identify sound change 4 Order of rules 5 Type of rule Mandatory or not Apostrophes Usually for position Valentine s day guy name Valentine who has a day Valentines day two or more guys who have a day 1 Singular or Plural 2 Mark Possession Cat Kh Type Writer thaijp aij Attention thEnt n Train t efn Butter b Letter lE Bottom b n Stake steik Coat Khow All have t ish sounds All over and with different pronunciation Location with word syllable t th without the consonants at the begging of words or start of stressed syllables t without other consonants at the end of words or end of stressed syllables t between vowels