BSCI222 Lecture 1 9 3 13 Dr Kocher pronounced Coker Quizzes will be on material to be discussed to make sure you ve read the chapter before discussion HW problems are practice for how to answer on the exams Discuss article on ethical issues in every week s discussion section read beforehand Agricultural geneticists felt that Mendel s laws didn t quite fit their work second school of thought developing statistical methods for inheritance of large amount of genes each for a small effect quantitative genetics Now they re back together with statistical analysis of genome sequencing especially of traits that are not simple Mendellian traits pursuit of the single gene The impact of personal genomics get yourself sequenced might not tell you much History Darwin did not understand modern genetics when he published Origin of the Species 1859 Civil War 1866 Mendel published his findings on the laws of inheritance almost no one read it was re discovered 34 years later 1882 Fleming stained cells and called them chromosomes colored stained bodies 1900 Mendel s work rediscovered 1902 Sutton observed chromosome pairs and behavior in cell division and concluded that hereditary factors genes must lay there Also in 1900 Garrod discovered that disease followed Mendel s laws 1915 Morgan published first genetic maps of drosophila WWI 1944 Avery Macleod and McCarty showed that DNA is the genetic material in the chromosomes WWII 1952 definitive proof that DNA is the genetic material using viruses 1953 double helix proposed 1955 Tijo determined that humans have 46 not 48 chromosomes 1961 Jacob and Meselson identified the role of RNA as the messenger from chromosomes out to the ribosomes 1966 Nirenberg and Khorana cracked the genetic code what sequences for what amino acids 1977 Sanger developed the method to sequence the human genome diedoxy chain termination 1978 Botstein discover restriction enzymes cut DNA in a specific spot created huge number of DNA level single nucleotide polymorphisms to map the human genome 1980 Mullis invents the polymerase chain reaction still used in most of genetics today 1983 the first human genetic disease Huntington s is mapped to chromosome 4 1990 Human Genome Project started 1995 first bacterial genome sequence published by Venter 1997 Dolly the sheep was somatic cell cloned 2000 rough drafts of human genome sequence published 2007 first personal genome sequence published several million dollars then about a thousand now 2012 your human genome sequence for about 1 000 campus machine can do about 30 gigabases day your genome is about 3 gigabases Doing it 10 times is good so about one person a day Genetic privacy good topic for the writing assignments survey on slide
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