Impressionism 1847 1886 A loose band of artists who exhibited together for only 12 years Leader of the group Claude Monet They Anonymous Society Exhibition 1874 Seen by only about 3500 people Impressionism Sunrise 1872 Claude Monet looks like an impression of a sunrise The satirical critic Louis Leroy coined the term Impressionists based on this painting by Monet Opened a few days before the Salon which drew the usual 400 000 or so visitors Catching life how it is lived directly on the spot The style was even more than painterly Impressionist Ethics Paint en plein air Banish the color black from your palette and use bright new colors now available in paint tubes Depict the modern subject matter that had interested the Realists NEVER submit your work to the Salon 3 Qualities of Impresssionist Paintings 1 2 3 Impressionist composition seems accidental unposed Edgar Degas Ballet Rehersal 1874 Impressionist technique involves sketchy rapidly applied brushwork Pierre Auguste Renoir Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 Impressionist subject matter is ordinary every day Gustave Caillebotte Paris A Rainy Day 1877 Camille Pissarro La Place du Theatre Francais 1898 Photography and the ability to take a snapshot deeply influenced Impressionists Suzuki Harunobu Woodblock print from the Descending Geese series 18th c Japonisme The French fascination with things Japanese different from orientalism Pierre Auguste Renoir often violated the Impressionists strict policy and submitted works to the annual Salon Renoir Two Girls Reading 1891 he paints very beautiful and happy topics Renoir Dance at Bougival 1883 Renoir La Loge 1876 Celebration of the new urban bohemian life Renoir Le Moulin de la Galette 1876 Manet Bar at the Folies Bergere 1882 he influenced the Impressionists then becomes one of them shows a sense of alienation in modern urban life projected fantasy in the mirror contrasts the front view Mary Cassatt An American expatriate someone who lives abroad oftentimes for the rest of their life Exhibited with the Impressionists in the 1880s Close friendship with Degas Women are always seen with male chaperones Also paints children Mary Cassatt Mother and Child Mary Cassatt The Bath 1892 Japonisme Henry Ossawa Tanner A student of Thomas Eakins in Philadelphia He and Edmonia Lewis are the first African American artists to gain fame here and abroad expatriate Married a white opera singer and spent most of his life after 1897 in Paris Henry Ossawa Tanner The Banjo Lesson 1893 Henry Ossawa Tanner The Thankful Poor 1894 1st African American artwork to be in the White House Moved onto spiritual themes after Impressionism Claude Monet The only member of the group who stayed true to Impressionist principles to the end of his life uncanny knowledge of color and nuance could perceive over 1000 different hues Claude Monet Rouen Cathedral Series 1894 1st artist to paint the same subject over and over 90 different canvases in this series Giverny most popular tourist attraction in France Monet s estate lilly ponds and gardens Post Impressionism 1880s 1906 George Seurat academically trained The Little Green Chemist Gauguin s nickname for him interests in numerous scientific discoveries especially regarding color theory died suddenly at age 31 in 1891 Interest in numerous scientific discoveries especially regarding color theory such as Michel Eugene Chevreul s observations on complementary colors and Charles Henry s writings on the Psychological dimension of color The Circus applies color with deliberation Pointillism Seurat preferred the term Divisionism or Neo Impressionism Masterpiece Georges Seurat A Sunday on La Grande Jatte 1884 1886 6 9 10 Seurat s Theory A synthesis of the ideas of Michel Eugene Chevreul and David Sutter from a letter written by Seurat in 1890 Harmony is the analogy of oppositesm the analogy of similar elements of tone color and line etc Vincent van Gogh Artiste maudit the tortured artist Only sold one painting before his suspected suicide in 1890 at the age of 37 Unknown in his lifetime beyond a small circle of avant garde artists and dealers until a retrospective show in Paris in 1901 I paint as a means to make life bearable Vincent van Gogh Holland Belgium 1880 1886 Landscape with Wheelbarrow 1883 Watercolor and gouache Trains in the Dutch Academy Van Gogh The Potato Eaters 1885 Expressionism art that is a result of the artist s unique inner or personal vision and that often has an emotional dimension Paris 1886 1888 Stays with his brother Theo Japonoiserie Trees in Bloom Vincent van Gogh The Church at Auvers 1890 Vincent van Gogh Night Caf 1888 blood red walls sick green conveys a feeling of loneliness and desolation Arles 1888 1889 Vincent s desire to start a utopian community an artist s colony in Japan had to be scaled down Gauguin was the only artist to arrive and that didn t work out too well Vincent van Gogh The Blue Cart Harvest at La Crau 1888 Van Gogh is inspired by Jean Francois Millet The Sower 1850 Vincent copied this painting many times Vincent van Gogh Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe St Remy 1889 90 Vincent checks himself into an asylum near Arles claiming to have an aversion to life Vincent van Gogh Starry Night 1889 most famous painting becomes a symbol of pop culture Auvers May to July Vincent lives on his own in this small town north of Paris and seeks help for Dr Gachet Portrait of Dr Gachet this painting sold for 82 million Crows over a Wheatfield 1890 last painting before he died Paul Cezanne Exhibited with the Impressionists in the 1870s Retreated to Southern France for must of the rest of his life Cezanne is the father of us all attributed at times to Picasso and Matisse Cezanne Christ in Limbo 1870s Inspired by Sebastiano del Piombo 1500s Cezanne is interested in giving structure order and form to his paintings Cezanne Madame Cezanne 1889 90 very calculated and premeditated way in putting his forms together With an apple I will astonish Paris Cezanne Still Life with Curtain Pitcher and Bowl of Fruit Still Life with Basket of Apples 1880 1894 Adjacent shapes are determining shapes of other things he adjusts forms to coexist with the other forms surrounding it Reality of painting world dominates Reconciles the reality of the seen world with the reality of the painted canvas Boy in Red Vest 1894 95 Mont Ste Victoire painted it many many times Serats inrerest in formal relationships gives reise along with Cezannes art to an exploration of abstract forms one