1 Appendicular add on attach extremities to the axial skeleton Upper extremity atttached to body via pectoral girdle Lower extremities to body pelvic girdle 2 3 4 Pectoral girdle clavical scapula 2 bones that make it up clavical collar bone scapula How you attach the upper extremity to the axial skeleton Scapula and clavicle join eachother at Need range of motion here not weight baring joint Give up security and support for ROM 5 Appendicular skeleton girdles and appendiges Pectoral attachment bone wise only ONE sternum 6 Clavicle shaped like a gental S Extends laterally from menubrium and then hooks to scapula Bows anteriorly first and then posteriorly Sternal end thin and tapered Acromial end round and fat Clavical acts as a strut keep the shoulders away from the midline The S curve sigmoude shape is not great if the clavicle is going to absorb force it typically absorbs force laterally first then medially Tend to snap where the convex becomes concave most fragile there Easy bone to break b c of its shape and weakness 7 8 Scupula is a flat thin triangular shaped bone Has sides and angles Main portion of bone body Sides borders Medial border is facing the spinous processes of the vertebral column Lateral border traverses armpit region axillary region Superior angle inferior angle lateral angle Lateral angle imaginary spot where superior and lateral would come together againsts it Anteriorly the body looks plain IN real life the subscapularious muscle lies Subscupular fossa named for the muscle there Facing forward up against the back of rib rage Posterior portion There is a BIG ridge posteriarly Runs as an angle past the body Sticks out and terminates Acromion Acromiel process The lateral flat flared ending 9 Supraspinious fossa above the spine Infraspinious below the spine 2 important muscles lying here Named after the fossa they sit in Body thick and flat There is a fossa facing laterally gleniod fossa Flat circular piece of bone Will articulate with the head of the humerus At the glenohumeral joint Beak of bird the corociod process Comes out anteriorly here where the body meets with the gleniod process Corociod means birds beak Sticks out anteriorly and articulate with NO bone at all Point of attachemt for muscles Articulates with NOTHING bony Sternal end laterally and ends in the acromial end Only ONE joint at the pectoral girdle acromioclavicular joint Holds the scapula to the cavicle Sternoclavicialar joint holds the bones to the rest of the body 9 10 11 12 Common pattern to upper and lower extremities proximal to distal Proximal one bone distal to that 2 bones then many bones same in the upper and lower extremities One bone 2 bones many bones Humeris arm Articulates with pectoral girdle Figure 8 4A and 8 4AC Forearm elbow to wrist raduis and ulna Wrist carpal bones Hands phelanges 13 Gleniod fossa socket glenohumeral joint joint ball and socket joint Head of humeris ball Socket shoulder glenoid fossa Not a very deep ball and socket fit Everything is made for range of motion Not terribly stable Easy to dislocate the shoulder Just below head of humerus complex Bony features just distal to the humeris head Anatomical neck the circle enscribed by the head of the humeris plate Would look like cartilege on a kid their epiphysial When it ossifies you ve got the true anatomic neck Greater and Lesser tubrecle trubricles are bumpy greater more lateral and superior More anteriorly and inferiorly lesser tubricle Both points of attachment for muscles for movement Intertubercular groove Groove between the greater and lesser tub 14 Surgical neck right where the tapering starts Often where this bone BREAKS Deltiod tuberacity half way down the shaft Roughened bump Tuberacity a roughened bump too a tubricle is too above Point of insertion of deltiod muscle tendon All function parts of the deltiod insert here Distal part condyler modifications to form articulations at the elbow 14 Between the lateral and medial epicondyles 2 little divets medial to the epicondyles 2 fossa that accept portions of the radius and the ulna Fossa usually named for the thing that touches them they accept Radial fossa accepts a part of the head of the radius Coroniod fossa accept a process on the ulna the coronoid process Both need places to tuck away when we flex the elbow 15 Olecronon fossa distal end big deep fossa Posterior side of the humeris Accepts a portion of the ulna When you flex the elbow it s the bony knobby part Goes away and tucks in when you extend 16 17 2 different condyler portions the radius and the ulna elbow joint humeris radius ulna Hinge joint Condyler portions are modified to accept the radius and the ulna Trochlae region on the humeris that articulates with the ulna Trochlae looks like a spool of thread without the thread Accepts the modifications of the ulna Capitulum rounded knob lateral portion of the articular portion Head of the radius articulates with the capitulum Capitulum you put a cap on your head Medial and lateral epicondyles above or beyond the condyles Epicondyles points of attachemnt for ligaments of other muscles Help to make the whole synovial capsule around this joint 18 19 Ulna has electronon process big pointy elbow bone Look at lateral view for the rest 8 5C 20 21 Radius on the thumb side Articulates with ulna at a little notch Inscribe a radius with your thumb when you pronate and supinate Radial arch with the thumb made Flip the hand from palm up to palm down Features of the raduis Has a radial head button shaped Articulate with the ulna at the ulnar notch Neck of the radius underneath the head Radial tuberoscity produces bump Point of attachment for a muscle Membrane between raduis and ulna interossious ligament Distally the radius flares out Ends in a pointed styloid process Button end proximal Flared end distal Rest of the radius articulates with carpal bones Radius gets big and wide and articulates at the carpal bones NOT really the ulna 22 Radius absorbs the bulk of impact if you fall Ulna on the pinky side 22 Ulna terminates in a ulnar head Head of the ulna is DISTAL here opposite of the RADIAL HEAD Distal radioulnar joint Last point of articulation between the radius and ulna 23 Back end of the notch making Olecronon process C shaped notch in between trochlear notch Fitting trochlear notch Another coroniod process at the mandible same kind of C shape into trochlae in humeris Front end coroniod process Shaped like a monkey wretch pronate supinate Radial