FMSC 280 Review Sheet for Classes – Material for Test #1Why is global health important?1. What is the Institute of Medicine definition of global health (hint: there are two parts to it)? 1) involves health problems that transcend national borders (things travel across borders and transmit diseases) 2) refers to health problems that are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions 2. What are the four reasons given why global health matters to everyone? 1) humanitarian – 2.8 mil people died from aids/tuberculosis/malaria (THESE ARE PREVENTABLE)  2) equity – 90% healthcare spent on 10% diseases; make resources spread equitably 3) indirect impact-  4) direct impact –  BIG 3: AIDS, MALARIA, TUBERCULOSIS  HUNGER AND MALNUTRITIOUN are still a big prob 21st century challenge  maintain and improve life expectancy and quality of life for all  achieving for developing world what was achieved for the worlds pop E-health technology in public health1. What is e-health? The transfer of health resources and healthcare by electronic meanso 1) delivery of health info for health professionals and health consumers through internet and tele communicationo 2) using power of internet to improve public health serviceso 3) using the internet for health systems management  used for: health prevention, health education diagnosis, treatment, professional education and collaboration, data collection, surveillance, and logistics 2. What are the limitations of traditional information/communication modalities? A lot of people cant read/there needs to be a way to print  Traditional: posters, billboards, flyers, and brochures  Static/no room for improvement 3. What are the advantages of e-technologies? E-technology : Communication that uses the internet, global electronic digital information sharing network that can be accessed using devices: comps, tablots, smart phones  Expanded reach of health info dramatically  Can increase health literacy  Make new things possibly/rely on the internet Transmitted in 2 directions and accessed in 2 diff locations4. What is public health informatics? Systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research and learning 5. What is health literacy? The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions  Americans with poor health literacy use the emergency room more than those with good health literacy 6. How can e-technology be used to educate health professionals?7. What is telemedicine? What were the examples of telemedicine given in class? Patient and healthcare provider are in diff locations (through technology not face to face) 8. What are universal medical records? How can they reduce the fragmentation of health services? Effort to change organization of medical records (universal electronic medical records) o 1) delivery of health info for health professionals and health consumers through internet and tele communicationo 2) using power of internet to improve public health serviceso 3) using the internet for health systems management 9. What is the difference between “push” and “pull” approaches in e-health? Push-approach: search internet for familiar website “pull info” Pull-approach: in a system, info is delivered without need for request (ex: doctor sends health info through email) or texts about being healthy (MOOC) massive open online courses Theoretical Approaches** family science is interdisciplinary Family science: figure out how to make changes to improve the quality of life (field of study where the primary goals are the discovery, verification, and application of knowledgeabout the family) 1. What are the components of the Ecological Model? (bronfenbrenner) Macrosystem  cultural environment that surrounds us (beliefs and attitudes);cultural attitudes, ideologies, prejudice and racism, laws, beliefs about social class, religious beliefs Exosystem wider social system, part of interactions that you don’t see (health and human service systems, occupational structure, political organizations, educational systems, mass media) Mesosystem  interaction, interacting with neighborhood, family, school (if protective factors are in place, resiliency is increased)  Microsystem  genetics, gender, developmental stage, personality characteristics, family, neighborhood, school (individual and immediate surroundings) 2. What is the World Health Organization’s definition of health?  Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity 3. How is the World Health Organizations definition of health reflected in the life course development model? Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity  Life course perspective: changes over time in individual and family and larger sociocultural environment (looks at growth overtime  changes) 4. What is a trajectory? Influenced by multiple contexts In the ecological model – contexts surrounding individuals 5. What are the contexts that affect health development?a. Genetic b. Biologicalc. Behaviorald. Sociale. Economic  Reflect timing, sequence, and cumulative influence of risk and protective factors in all these contexts 6. What are the definitions of risk factors and protective (resilience) factors? Risk Factorso Increases the chances that there will be problems  Protective Factors o Increases the chances that there will be resiliency (positive) o Resiliency = ability to bounce back from adversity 7. Why is timing important in health development? Early experiences effect later health Adult disease and disability is higher among o Those who had low birth weights o Those with poor early attachment to caregiver o Those whose parents smoked Poverty and health disparities1. Define health disparities. Refers to differences between groups such as, how many people in a group get sick, how often death occurs when ppl get sick… Racial and ethnic minorities Women, children, and the elderly Persons with disabilities People who live in rural areas People who live in developing countries2. How many categories are there in the World Health Organization’s income groups