I Introduction a What is History i An abstraction the past ii Physical and literary debris iii History is made up put together by historians 1 How they interpret history iv Schools of historical thought v Political left and right influence reasoning 1 Also influenced by what is going on Intellectual historians base events on human thought process vi vii Some historians use economics and higher beings as to why people do what they do viii product of time period b Reconstruction Historiography i Reconstruction period of time that the U S is rebuilding after Civil War ii Historiography study of past and what historians say about the past iii Dunningites 1 Historical school of thought 2 Describe Reconstruction as a tragic era and a black rule 3 A redemption saving grace for white southerners Influenced by Civil Rights iv Revisionists 1 2 1950 s 1960 s 3 Rewrote what the Dunningites said 4 Say good and positive things about Reconstruction 5 Thought the government was corrupt during Reconstruction true throughout the nation 6 Say Black Rule wasn t there because blacks were underrepresented v Post Revisionists 1 1960 s 1970 s 2 Challenged revisionists 3 Said nothing changed 4 Thought Reconstruction was a failure 5 Blacks were no better off than when they were slaves because of economic inequality 6 Assertive black leaders militancy II Reconstruction 1865 1877 Abraham Lincoln was president Presidential Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction Rebuilding the South Re instate southern states What do we do about the blacks a Presidential Reconstruction Under Abraham Lincoln i Ten Percent Plan 1 10 of the voters pledge allegiance to U S then state could rebuild government to rejoin U S 2 Said nothing about votes of black men ii Radical Republicans a 1864 Lincoln proposes black men voting rights because they helped in the war b Let Louisiana back in without extending voting rights c Lincoln cared more about the country being whole than d 1864 Arkansas and Tennessee readmitted to Union political rights and slavery without extending the vote iii Wade Davis Bill 1864 1 50 votes and extended rights to blacks 2 Abolitionists didn t like this bill a Because voting rights were taken out 3 Vetoed by Lincoln o 1865 Lincoln assassinated o Successor was Andrew Johnson Anti succession not anti south Southerner former slave owner unionist lifelong Democrat b Presidential Reconstruction Under Andrew Johnson Southern states view succession null and void Expected to repudiate war debts Ratify 13th amendment Amnesty program loyalty oath o High ranking officials and those with 20 000 taxable wealth or more could not just make the oath This is because Johnson had been poor and the planter elite looked down their noses at him Once again Johnson was anti succession not anti south White southerners basically reconstructed themselves i 13th Amendment 1 Abolished slavery 1865 2 Civil War became a crusade against slavery ii Frederick Douglass 1 Johnson said no to Douglass about black men voting a This is because he thought they were on the same level as poor white southerners b Blacks didn t have enough knowledge Blacks were limited to what they could do o Drafted petitions to constitutional conventions iii Petition of South Carolina Blacks 1865 1 A petition 2 Used the Declaration of Independence as a basis 3 Taxation without representation catchphrase a No right to vote Didn t have to pay taxes 4 No privileges just even handed justice Northerners did not want blacks to vote or to extend the vote 1865 Wisconsin and Connecticut o voted no to let black men vote 1865 Mississippi o First state to hold the full state constitutional convention o Johnson asked the delegate of Mississippi to get the constitutional convention to let literate and property holding blacks vote Didn t work and didn t repudiate debts Came back to the Union anyway By the end of 1865 all southern states were back in the U S iv Black Codes 1 Laws against blacks 2 Kept blacks under white control 3 Allowed courts to take kids to apprenticeship away from their parents Many leaders from the confederacy are voted into office o Pisses off northerners o Congress ignores the confederate members v Freedmen s Bureau 1865 1 Facilitate from slavery to freedom 2 Help the freed slaves 3 Give 1 year to operate 4 Congress passes an act to keep Johnson vetoes Congress overrides vi Memphis Riot 1866 1 Southern violence in Tennessee 2 Federal troops sent in vii New Orleans Riot 1866 1 Southern violence in Louisiana 2 Delegates were surrounded by police and mobs 3 Federal troops sent in 4 An absolute massacre by the police Northerners are outraged c Congressional Reconstruction 1867 Congress takes over o Reconstruction Acts 3 Divides south into 5 districts ruled by marshal law Starts everything over Registered white and black men to vote States had to ratify 14th amendment 1868 some states were back in the U S 1870 all states were in the U S i 14th Amendment 1 1866 2 All people born or naturalized in the states are citizens 3 Legal protection for blacks 4 Equal protection clause 5 Deny rights to vote Less seats in the house ii 15th Amendment 1 1870 2 All men can vote and cannot deny a person to vote based on colour or background New Republicans from the south were referred to as scalywags iii Ku Klux Klan 1 Set up to intimidate blacks 2 Terrorist group iv Forty Acres and A Mule 1 For blacks who were newly freed 2 Some was under Freedmen s Bureau 3 Planters would flee from union arm back during civil war a This land was divided up to freed slaves 4 Short lived 5 Amnesty act by Johnson says that the land goes back to the original owners 6 Whites have economic control of blacks v Sharecropping Tenant Farming and the Crop Lien System 1 Tenant farmers something to bring for themselves own tools animal etc Sharecroppers give of crop to owner a Didn t own land b Many slaves became these 2 Crop Lien System Interest a Merchant usually landowner b c Gain debt plan d Landowners and merchants began to dictate d Reconstruction Unravels 1870 s i The Redemption 1 White Southern Democrats regain control 2 White southerners can intimidate blacks KKK 3 People in the north lose interest in Reconstruction ii Presidential Election 1876 1 Rutherford B Hayes R 2 Samuel Tilden D Tilden had won but votes seemed fishy in 3 states o Hayes got the electoral votes iii Union Troops Withdraw from South 1 South had military removed 1877 2 The Post Reconstruction South a The New South