John Locke 1 When and where was Locke born Born in 1632 in England 2 What is Locke s Theory of Political Rights and Responsibilities The theory is based on giving up your rights to have the government protect them It is the belief that citizens must work together and respect each other as part of a community This is the ideal way if operating but people are not always like this and that s why we have laws 3 How does this theory help us understand Locke s view of an educated person An educated person will possess the virtue and wisdom to respect the rights of other citizens and to contribute to society by managing his her affairs efficiently 4 Describe Locke s four elements of education 1 Virtue respectful care for others believing in a higher power 2 Wisdom How you conduct yourself managing affairs in a way that benefits ones family and community 3 Good Breeding respecting those above and below you 4 Learning believed its better to figure things out yourself through play Learning comes more naturally through play and that s why its last 5 Describe Tabula Rasa and why it is important in education This is the belief that children are born with blank slate and experience shapes who you are This differs from earlier philosophers because it goes against the idea that we possess internal truths at birth Locke believes children learn solely through experience and habituation Relates to today because if Teachers believe a child is born with blank slate it is the teacher s duty to put into a child what they need That means teachers can control what happens in society 6 What part does habit play in Locke s philosophy of education EDPS210 0101 Fall 2013 1 Dr Pam Splaine From Reed Johnson Philosophical Documents in Education 4th ed 2012 Habit forms morals and since children are born with a blank slate habit forms who you become 7 When did Locke die and how old was he 1704 Jean Jacques Rousseau 1 When and where was Rousseau born Born in Geneva in 1712 2 What does Rousseau mean by Man in born free and everywhere he is in chains Man is born naturally free but enslaved by civil society Modern states repress the physical freedom that is our birthright and does nothing to secure the civil freedom for the sake of which we enter into civil society 3 How does Rousseau think a society could be created to resolve the conflict between individual needs and societal demands Rousseau believed that by properly educating future generations a society could be created to that resolved the conflict between individual needs and societal demands 4 Explain Rousseau s position on progress in the arts and sciences and its significance Arts and sciences are a corrupt society because they are a formal study and not a natural process Increased knowledge in the arts and science rather than contributing to the moral improvement of mankind tended to corrupt mankind by taking away their natural innocence For Rousseau progress in the arts and sciences meant the creating of unnatural and evil boundaries and restraints on human freedom 5 How could Rousseau s philosophy of education be considered negative education 6 When did Rousseau die and how old was he Died suddenly in 1778 on July 2nd age 66 Catharine Macaulay EDPS210 0101 Fall 2013 2 Dr Pam Splaine From Reed Johnson Philosophical Documents in Education 4th ed 2012 1 When and where was Catharine Macaulay born Born in 1731 in Kent England 2 How was she educated Mom died when she was 2 yrs old She was cared for by a governess and received a typical upper class English girl education This intellectual process came from sharing with her brothers and sisters and from reading books from her father s library She grew a passion because she grew tired of fairy tales and romances typical reading for girls 3 What did Macaulay write 8 volumes of her political history of 17th century England in 1763 History of England Letters on Education With Observations on Religious and Metaphysical subjects which counters Rousseau s claim that men and women possess different human natures and that these differences suggest complementary societal roles Treatise on the immutability of moral truth Also commented criticized philosophers Wrote a classical curriculum for kids aged 10 12 designed to help them develop as good citizens 4 Contrast Macaulay s thinking about education with that of Rousseau Agrees with Rousseau Formal instruction should be delayed until early adolescence when the child is rational Otherwise children are unable to recognize faulty reasoning in formal edu Macaulay believed that there are NOT essential complementary differences between male and female natures 5 Describe Macaulay s ideally educated person An ideal education should foster benevolence and reason in people EDPS210 0101 Fall 2013 3 Dr Pam Splaine From Reed Johnson Philosophical Documents in Education 4th ed 2012 Proper education should cultivate the genderless virtues that comprise the cosmic divine mind and that are associated with perfection Believed formal education should begin during adolescence and that children should be taught about morals values etc by their parents When they become adolescents they should be exposed to all kinds of works and should be able to critique it themselves based on the things they learned as children 6 What is her principle of benevolence Benevolence is the ultimate virtue because it contains the principle of every moral duty Belief of benevolence is the integration of tenderness and reason as the ultimate goal for all human beings Conflicting Educational Visions 1 What does the city on the hill refer to Perfect little safe religious biblical community that was part of the path to ultimate salvation The settlement on Massachusetts Bay that served as a true biblical commonwealth that served as beacon lighting the path toward ultimate salvation 2 What did the Puritans believe Humankind was innately depraved and could be saved only through grace of god Education was a religious and civic necessity Reading the bible was a Christian s duty 3 What was the importance of the law of 1642 General court of MA enacted a law that requires all parents to provide for their offspring s and apprentices instruction in the reading of Puritans tenants and the principle laws of the Colony Lead to the first compulsory school law and establish the precedent that education is more than a familial responsibility EDPS210 0101 Fall 2013 4 Dr Pam Splaine From Reed Johnson Philosophical Documents in
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