Culture and the Media 10 02 2013 Defining Culture o Culture Complex system of meaning and behavior that defines the way of life for a group or society o Culture is both material and nonmaterial o Why is it important to recognize culture o To analyze culture and measure its significance in our lives society o Separate ourselves from judgment o Balance between insider perspective and the critical eye only identified by outsiders o Cultural Relativism The idea that we should recognize differences across cultures without passing judgment on or assigning value to those differences o Material Culture Tangible items that you can see touch feel and taste including technology o Jewelry art music clothing o Non Material Culture Non physical products of society o Symbols language gestures values Element Language Examples English Spanish Emoticons System of nonmaterial symbols by which we communicate Specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation Norms Manners implicit and explicit Folkways Cultural forms of dress food General standards of behavior habits adhered to by a group o Culture and the Media P 2 10 02 2013 Bring in an image or photo of someone that you personally believe attractive Review o Culture can be loosely defined as a set of beliefs traditions and practices o Material culture is everything that is a part of our constructed o Nonmaterial culture encompasses values beliefs behaviors and social environment norms o Norms expectations Subcultures o A group united by sets of concepts values traits and or behavioral patterns that distinguish it from others within the same culture or society Apply the six elements of culture to adolescents today Identify the following o Language Slang swearing o Norms Social networks partying o Folkways No socks basically preppy o Mores peers when to get it in o Values if it feels good do it o Beliefs Chapter 4 Socialization 10 02 2013 What is the socialization process What are the Agents of Socialization The most important aspects of social life are those concepts we learn without anyone teaching us Dalton Conley o Socialization process The process by which individuals internalize the values beliefs and norms of a given society o Agents of Socialization The vehicle that carries the message o Family o Media o Peers o Religion o Sports o Primary Socialization o Occurs during childhood o When you learn gender norms what toys to play with what people to and not to hang out with what foods to eat and not eat beauty standards etc o Secondary Socialization o Occurs as an adult o Values beliefs what to wear how to be professional getting married o The process of socialization occurs throughout the lifecycle Internalizing Standards of Beauty o How much of a role do we play in who we are physically attracted to and who we are not Contemporary Illustrations of Socialization Socialization P 2 10 02 2013 Are differences in socialization due to nature or nurture o Nature theory born that way genetic predisposition o Nurture theory environmental influences Feral Children i e the forbidden experiment o Children raised in absence of human contact o Genie secrets of the wild child o Nurture Chapter 7 Deviance 10 02 2013 o Deviance behavior that is recognized as violating rules and norms Behavior that departs significantly from social expectations o Informal deviance informal violations of social norms i e picking your nose o Formal deviance violations of criminal law crime The context of deviance o What s deviant in one social setting may be normal in another Gender stereotypes o Deviance can vary over time Women and pre marital sex o Puritan colonies o Islamic countries o US Jim crow era Homosexuality o Sociologists see deviance as Behavior influenced by society Rational and sometimes positive adaptations to a situation Sociologists do not ignore individual psychology but integrate it into an explanation of deviance related that focuses on social conditions surrounding behavior o Deviance is socially constructed o Whether a behavior is defined as deviant depends on the cultural beliefs of a society o Is there any behavior that is universally deviant No Female gangstas o What is deviant about their behavior They re violent o How does their behavior differ from the norm Women aren t usually violent o Who is considered deviant in this clip The female ganstas o Deviance is learned behavior reinforced through group membership o Can result in the process of labeling regardless of reality o Differential Association and Labeling Theory Symbolic Interaction o Durkheim s Anomie Theory Social Control Theory Structural Strain Theory Functionalist theories o Differential Association Theory Learning deviance from interacting with others subcultures Symbolic interactionist perspective Families friends neighbors o Labeling Theory The idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions 1 by defining some behaviors as crimes people who engage in these behaviors become labeled criminal 2 conviction sometimes just accusation of being criminal or deviant can cause deviance Functionalist Perspective clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms promotes social unity promotes social change o Anomie Theory Lack of moral community agreement about morals ANOMIE lack of moral guidance Deviance States of normlessness o Structural Strain Theory o Social Control Theory
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