Stress- Stress - experience of a threat to well-being resulting from physiological responses- Stressor - physical, social, or psychological event that causes a stress response- Stress response - reaction of physiological changes that result from a stressor- Role of the nervous system and changes in the body during (and after) the stress response:o Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary): Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Sympathetic (during): Arousal, exercise, emergencies (pain, anger,fear) Parasympathetic (after): in control when relaxed, turns off stress responseo Changes in body Accelerates HR and breathing More acute vision/hearing Liver releases more sugar for energy Perspiration Brain releases endorphins (block pain) Scalp tightens Hand/feet get cold- Eustress - positive stresspresents opportunity for personal growth- Distress - negative stressresults in debilitation and/or strain- Acute stress - short term (body can handle this with enough recovery time)- Chronic stress - long term, low-level stress (no resolution)- Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome1. Alarm (fight-or-flight)- channels away resources to more immediate needsimmune system is compromised2. Resistance (adaptation)- body works to cope with stress because the source of stress is not removed3. Exhaustion- body cannot keep up with the stressor- Mediators of the stress responseo Personality types Type A - controlling, competitive, schedule driven, hostilecan lead to anger and heart disease Type B - less hurried, less frustrated, more tolerantgood coping skills Type C- introverted, detail-oriented, difficulty communicating, cautious, reserved Type D -hold in negative emotions, not expressive, fear negative judgmentso Traits Resilience- ability to bounce back from adversity (difficulties) Hardiness- view potential stressors as challenges to overcome (notas burdens), committed to tasks, internal locus of control (feel theyhave control over what happens to them)o Cultural background- how culture deals with stresso Past experience- how you dealt with past stresso Thinking patterns- everyone has diff thinking patternso Gender roles- men/women have diff stresses pertaining to roles- Discuss the links between stress and specific health conditions.o Cardiovascular disease- chronic high blood pressure, heart attack, strokeso Psychological problems- depression, suicide, panic attacks/anxiety, eating disorders, acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disordero Immune System- colds/infections, asthma, cancer, chronic disease flare-upso Other- digestive problems, headaches, insomnia, injuries, menstrual irregularities- Describe counterproductive coping strategies for stresso Tobacco- Nicotine is addictive and leads to health issueso Alcohol- Heavy drinking carries risks (addiction)o Drugs- stimulants can induce stress and disrupt sleep, tolerance can build, weedpanic attacks, caffeine increases blood pressureo Unhealthy eatingdisordered eating patterns, obesityo Too much leisure activity- need to be balanced with stress management techniquesMental Health- Positive Psychology- area of psychology that focuses on positive emotions, character strengths, and other conditions that create happinesso Virtues to enable human thriving Wisdom Courage Humanity Justice Temperance Transcendence - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs- Emotional Intelligence- People who are EI can:o Recognize, name, and understand their emotionso Manage emotions and control moodso Motivate Themselveso Recognize and respond to others’ emotionso Socially competent- Describe the factors that contribute the development of mental disorderso Biological factors- geneso Traumatic event exposureo Family, social, cultural influences- Anxiety disorders- fear out of proportion, recurring basis to unavoidable life situationso Panic attacks -physiological and psychological experience of apprehension or intense fear in absence of real danger heart palpitations, sweating, chest pain, short breatho Social phobia - fear of humiliation or embarrassment tremors, sweating, blushing, confusion, public avoidanceo Generalized anxiety disorder - excessive and uncontrollable worrying (about routine matters, competence in school/sports)o Obsessive ‐ compulsive disorder - persistent, intrusive thoughts, impulses that lead to compulsions to reduce anxiety- Mood disorders o Depression- Decreased mood Loss of interest Weight loss/gain Insomnia or fatigue Slow body movement Feel worthlesso Bipolar disorder- individuals swing between manic and depressive episodeso Seasonal affective disorder - strikes in the winter; irritability, carb cravings, weight gain, more sleep, sadness- Suicide (see text, pp. 49‐50)o Risk Factors Suicidal thoughts Psychiatric disorders Drug/alcohol abuse Access to firearms Recent loss Stressful situations Feel hopeless Family history of suicideo Warning Signs Comments about death and threats Social withdrawal/isolation Intensified moodiness Risk-taking behaviors Sudden improvement in mood and behaviors such as giving away possessions- Schizophrenia- psychotic disordero Disorganized and disordered thinking and perceptions, bizarre ideas, hallucinations, impaired functioningDrugs- Drug- substance that affects structure and/or function of the body through its chemical action- Psychoactive drug- substance that causes change in brain chemistry and alters consciousness, perception, mood and thoughto Intoxication- Drug of abuse – medical drug used for non-medical reasons or a drug that has no medical use- Pharmaceutical drug- legal drug developed for medical purposeso Prescription drug – legal pharmaceutical drug only available by a physiciano Over ‐ the ‐ counter drug- legal pharmaceutical drug purchased w/o a prescriptiono Herbals- legal pharmaceutical drug that is botanical in origin- Illicit drug - illegal and unlawful to possess, manufacture, sell, or use- Drug misuse - use of prescription drugs for reasons other than those for which it was prescribed or in greater amounts than prescribed. Or use of non-prescription drugs for purposes other than intended by manufacturer- Drug abuse - use of substance in amounts, situations, or manner such that it causesproblems or increases risk for problems of user or others- APA’s
View Full Document
Unlocking...