U S History 1914 1945 Study Guide 1 Broom A little magazine published by Malcolm Cowley and other young writers from 1921 to 1923 The magazine like so many others of its kind at the time seeked to publish the most daring and shocking literature possible The lack of significant sales was proof that art especially in the form of writing was becoming disconnected from the rest of society 2 Black and Tan Fantasy Duke Ellington created this jungle style jazz song that was blues at its base but in a long form This song was a prime example of one of the greatest jazz musicians of the time making an artistic statement The ending of the song made clear that he believed that his music was on par with European music 3 League of Nations An international organization that was founded by President Woodrow Wilson in an attempt to maintain world peace post World War I Lasted from 1919 to 1945 This was an attempt by Wilson to get back to the Progressive ideals of the past The League would justify the war if he was able to establish a global order thus the idea was quite popular domestically However the U S did not join because of opposition from the Republicans in the Senate 4 Frederick Winslow Taylor An American mechanical engineer late 19th century to early 20th century who sought to improve industrial efficiency Taylorism was the idea of scientific management which was improving economic efficiency especially labor productivity His experiments were largely unsuccessful but he is considered an early proponent of American modernity as indicated by his rational and efficient thinking 5 Hyphenates A derogatory name given to early 20th century Americans who showed some form of heritage or allegiance to their native country It comes from the idea that a true American shouldn t hyphenate their name It was commonly used to attack German or Irish Americans who took an anti war stance during World War I This is a prime example of the ugly nativism present during World War I and on in order to completely support the homeland 6 Emma Goldman She s a radical intellectual of the early 20th century who actively opposed U S involvement in the war She s a prime example of the strong anti modernist intellectuals who came before the Lost Generation that hated the thought process they were seeing developed in front of them 7 George Creel The head of the committee on public information CPI a propaganda organization trying to draw up support for the war during World War I Many of his advertisements whether films or posters took on a very patriotic cue and demonized the enemy George Creel s success at mobilizing the war effort through large domestic institutions united the country under one goal and helped modernize advertising techniques in the 1920s 8 Food will win the war The Food Administration and Department of Agriculture s slogan in order to coordinate the nation s food production system during World War I It promoted genuine action for citizens who are not even fighting It was a prime example of the cooperation between government and business that would be prevalent during the 1920s and the modernist efficient ways of thinking at the time 9 Canteen girls Women who worked in the YWCA and other organizations during World War I that worked to provide comfort for soldiers as well as keep them occupied in moral pastimes The canteen girl stood as symbol of American volunteerism and femininity in World War I This was a new public role for women in a way you never saw before This was an example of women entering into the public sphere like they had never before They were still the 19th century moral center of life though 10 100 American Extreme slogan commonly used during World War I that suggested you had to be completely American or not American at all There was a national feeling though that blacks were not treated as 100 American and thus race riots erupted across the country This slogan is representative of the American jeremiad That is that we have strayed from our ideals in the past but if we go all in to being a true American we will have redeemed ourselves 11 W E B DuBois An African American sociologist and civil rights activist He saw the war as a way to gather social and cultural capital for African Americans He insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation which he believed would be brought about by the African American intellectual elite He viewed this as the greater battle to be fought than World War I His fighting would help pave the way for future civil rights movement in the future and was a prime example of the ugly racism prevalent at the time 12 Associational State A refashioning of the U S political economy in the 1920s by Herbert Hoover through the vast array of business and trade associations that had emerged during the early 20th century Through this process Hoover hopes to coordinate their resources and strike a balance between the large scale rational systems of modernity with the creative fluidity of free enterprise This leads to a good amount of cooperation between government and business Gone were the days of trust busting Because of the associational state the 1920s is a period of extensive mass production 13 Model A The successor to the Model T by Ford It was made as a response to the massive success that GM was having in Phase III or in market segregation where consumers had plenty of options to choose from Unlike the Model T it was available in various colors and body styles It could not compete with the Chevy tough The Model A is a good example of Ford having to change his methods of production because of the emerging consumerism in the 1920s The consumers had the purchasing power and they wanted choices 14 River Rouge An enormous Ford Motor Company automobile factory where his Model Ts and then Model As were created The factory produced on a massive scale that was never seen before It was the largest factory in the world at the time completed in 1928 It employed over 100 000 men The factory worked on an assembly line Ford s modernist use of the River Rogue complex set the precedence for efficiency and rationality in industrial production for years to come 15 Alfred Sloan He was the president and CEO of General Motors Placed in power in 1923 Sloan s strategy was to compete with Ford and the Model T by organizing the different car companies GM owns into different brands and price categories He also modernizes the structure of corporations making it more