Historical Facts Terms Quiz II Mohenjo Daro cities in southern Pakistan and Harappa 400 miles to the north were huge for the period some about 3 miles in circumference With populations estimated at 35000 40000 Elaborate well planned cities known for the advance sanitation system of drains When 2500 2000 B C When 1200 600 B C Sanskrit Indo Aryan language primary holy language of Hinduism and literary scholarly languages of Buddhism and Jainism Developed from Vedic Sanskrit Rita physical order of the universe sacrifice and the moral law of the world Hinduism Karma the result of one s actions cause and effect ex do good get good do wrong get bad Hinduism Jainism Buddhism Dharma moral law in Hinduism it stipulates the legitimate pursuits of Hindus material gain as long as it is honestly and honorably achieved pleasure and love for the perpetuation of the family and moksha release from the wheel of life and unity with brahman Because it recognizes the need for material gain and pleasure Cleopatra Three pillars of Indian society Village Caste system and joint family Ancient villages were made up of joint families governed by a headman and a council of elders The caste system was a system of four classes Kshatriyas nobles Vaishyas commoners Brahmins priests and Shudras workers or serfs Movement in rank in the caste system was impossible if a person was born in to a particular class he she stayed there There were also the Untouchables who were outcasts of the Caste system When Vedic Age 1000 500 B C 1947 C E Antony Roman politician and general Was a supporter of Julius Caesar After his assassination Antony formed a political alliance with Octavian and Lepidus Second Triumvirate In 33 B C the triumvirate broke up and a civil war broke out The Final War of the Roman Republic in 31 B C Octavian defeated Antony Afterwards Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide Where Rome When 83 30 B C Where China When 1050 400 B C Brahma Vishnu Shiva the three main male deities of Hinduism Brahma the creator Shiva the cosmic dancer who both creates and destroys and Vishnu the preserver and sustainer of creation Zhou dynasty in 1050 B C the Zhou rose against the Shan and defeated them in battle King Wen cultured or literate king expanded the Zhou domain and his son King Wu martial king conquered Shang Mandate of Heaven used as propaganda to win over conquered subjects Early Zhou period was a decentralized feudal system Ended by the Warring States period Brahmins priests at the top of the Caste System required to memorize every syllable and tone of the Vedas so the rituals pleased the gods Conducted traditional ceremonies and also created new ones They acted as agents of Agni the god of Fire to purify land for crops and as doctors because they knew spells and formulas that were effective against disease and calamities Nirvana A state of blissful nothingness and freedom from reincarnation Ashoka a king during the Mauryan Dynasty that actively promoted Buddhism both in his realm and outside of it Where India and surrounding area When 272 232 B C Oracle bones pieces of shells or bone ox or turtle used in pyromancy mainly as a form of divination in Ancient China Diviners inscribed questions into the bones and applied intense heat and then the thermal cracks were interpreted Plebeians the common people of Rome who had a voice in politics but had few of the social and political advantages the patricians had They could not marry into patrician families or hold Caesar Augustus founder of the Roman Empire and first Roman emperor his rule initiated an era of peace known as Pax Romana Roman Peace Reformed Roman taxation system developed a network of roads with a courier system standing army created an official police fire fighter system and rebuilt much of Rome during his reign Where Rome When 27 B C 14 C E Princeps is a Latin word meaning first in time or order the first chief the most eminent distinguished or noble the first man first person Shang dynasty or Yin Dynasty ruled Yellow River valley capital Anyang Bronze metalworking chariots leaders were military chieftains followed by the Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven the theory that Heaven gives the king a mandate to rule only as long as he Where Yellow River Valley China When 1600 1046 B C rules in the interest of the people Where China When Zhou Dynasty 1050 440 B C Period of Warring States the period of Chinese history between 403 and 221 B C when the states fought each other and one state after another was destroyed With new weaponry and war tactics each state fought until the state of Qin chin remained Where China When 403 221 B C teachings Buddha Siddhartha Gautama founder of Buddhism has two branches Theravada School of the Elders Mahayana the Great Vehicle Four Noble Truths are central to Buddhist 1 The truth of dukkha suffering anxiety unsatisfactoriness 2 The truth of the origin of dukkha 3 The truth of the cessation of dukkha 4 The truth of the path leading to the cessation of dukkha Following 4 is the Noble Eightfold Path which is a set of eight connected factors or conditions that lead to cessation of dukkha Right View or Right Understanding Right Intention or Right Thought Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood Right Effort Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration When Around 6th 4th century B C Hinduism the principal religion of the Indian subcontinent principally of India and Nepal It includes Shaivism Vaishnavism Smartism among many other traditions and a extensive spectrum of laws and prescriptions of daily morality based on karma dharma and societal norms Hinduism is a categorization of distinct intellectual or philosophical points of view rather than a stiff common set of beliefs Where India Analects selected sayings Confucianism K ung fu tzu Master K ung the Sage 551 479 B C rational humanism Daoism Lao tzu old master wu wei non action Course of nature natural motion of the universe all human institutions and human opinions are outside things not right Go with the flow Mencius a follower of Confucius tried to convert various rulers to view that the ruler able to win over the people through benevolent govt will succeed and unifying all under Heaven prosposed political and financial measures to ease tax burdens Human nature is fundamentally good as everyone is born with the capacity to recognize what is right and act on it When 370 300 B C Legalism Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government