Exam 3 Final eating disordersIntuitive eatingWhat age do you start with eating disorders?Eating disorder prevention: Population targeted Universal prevention Whole population Targeted/selected prevention At risk group Indicated prevention Individuals practicing harmful behaviorsUniversal prevention Targets the whole population, without the use of screen measures Example: prevention program provided to a whole school systemTargeted/ selected prevention Focuses on groups at risk for developing maladaptive eating based on known risk factores Ex: prevention for athletes in specific sports with known increased rates of eating disordersIndicated prevention Targets individuals who have been identified, through a screening process, as exhibiting early signs of maladaptive eating behaviors Ex: prevention/treatment for individuals who endorse binge-eatingCategories based on Intervention Goals Primary Secondary TertiaryPrimary Preventing the development of maladaptive eating Population based efforts to promote healthy eating and exercise habitsSecondary Designed to diagnose and treat early signs of maladaptive eating before clinical eating disorders developed Ex: psychoeducation about eating habits to adolescent females who endorse frequent dieting.Tertiary  Reduce the negative impact of an active eating disorder by treating the disorder and reducing the complications related to it Ex: impatient treatment for an individual with anorexia nervosaTarget prevention programs Targeted: at risk groups (13-year olds: 16-year olds) Healthy eating guidelines and recommendations (primary) Including a screening component to identify harmful behaviors (secondary)Iatrogenic effects Individuals use material to learn ways to restrict or purgeIntuitive and Mindful Eating3 core principles of intuitive eating Eat for physical rather than emotional reasons Rely on internal hunger and satiety cues  Unconditional permission to eatEating mindfully Using your mind to make decisions when needed Allows us to think about how we are reacting, and make decisions based on how we might respondMindful eating Allowing yourself to become aware of the positive and nurturing opportunities that are available through food preparation and consumption by respecting your own inner wisdom “eating mindfully means simply paying attention with and open, nonjudgmental mind to what and how you eat” “you should not overly restrict yourself, but neither should you respond to every impulse to eat”Intuitive eating Listen to your body – know your hunger and fullness Eat WHAT you WANT when you are hungry, STOP when you are FULL Consider balance, variety, and moderation in your food choices People who restrict their food intake may actually eat more than people who give themselves unconditional permission to eat.MindfulnessBeing in the “What is” instead of the “What if”Intuitive eating Unconditional permission to eat when hungry and what food is desired (no rules) Eating for physical rather than emotional reasons Reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eatNormal eating Eat when you are hungry, stop when you are full  Choose foods that you like; consider balance, variety, and moderation  Avoid labeling foods as “good” or “bad” Enjoy eating all types of foods without guiltAvoid “Self-imposed food rules” The rules often don’t take into account the situation or circumstance Food rules can be wildly conflicting or illogical The origin of food rules are often from unscientific sources Logically challenge “food rules”You don’t have to eat a perfect diet to be healthy You will not get a nutrient deficiency or gain weight from one snack, meal, or day of eating You should never feel “guilty” about what you eat Worry less about what’s in your food and enjoy it more Eating nutritiously should not have to be deprivationIntuitive eating is about acceptance Accept yourself just like your shoe size Avoid unrealistic expectations about yourself It’s difficult to be mindful when you’re feeling “bad” or “critical” about yourselfCareful eater “Perfect eaters” Highly nutrition-conscious Anguishing over each morsel of food Scrutinizing food labels Tend to under eat and monitor the quality of food eatenProfessional dieter perpetual dieting, tried every diet eating changes are for losing weight, not health bingeing and engaging in “the last supper” is commonUnconscious eater Eating and doing another activity at the same time Whatever is available Difficulty identifying biological hunger Vulnerable to food lying around “Waste not” versus :emotional” eaterChildren Natural intuitive eaters Free from societal messages about food and weight Innate wisdom about food They will eat when the need if given free access to foodWhat if the eat too much sugar and gain too much weight? NHANES data Percent of energy from sugar did not vary significantly by weight status Normal weight children consumed 23 tsp of sugar/day compared with 22 by those who were overweight or obese The relationship between intake of sugar was not statistically significant for any measures of weight and adiposity studiedAre supplements necessary?Considerations Not approved by FDA  Claims based on anecdotal evidence Is there any supporting research? Natural doesn’t always = safe Expense Use the product at your own riskDietary supplementsWhy do people take supplements? To feel better To improve overall energy levels To boost immune systemContent of energy drinks Niacin Excessive amounts causes flushing vitamin B6 excessive amounts can be toxic Taurine Excessive amounts mixed with caffeine may cause reduced blood supply to the heart Guarana  Excessive amounts linked to irregular heartbeatAlcoholic energy drinks Alcohol companies target college students These drinks have caused multiple hospitalizations Some have been taken off the marketNatural energy stores Adequate sleep (7-9 hours) Adequate hydration (64 ounces/day) Regular physical activity Adequate nutritionHealth At Every SizeWhat is health?“Health”1. The general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigor2. Soundness of