ASH1044 11 7 11 Conflicting nationalisms Zionist claims o Never was a Palestinian nation o Arabs not interested in Palestine until Jews made it productive after purchasing land o Wasn t Jordan created for Palestinians Palestinian claims o Jews not in majority o Arabs victimized by Ottomans and then by British o Jews stole Arab land o Jordan treats Palestinians as 2nd class citizens o Zionism historic desire for homeland political support Balfour Jewish nationalism Called for national home for the Jewish people secured by public law Herzl 1896 Der Judenstaadt Haj Amin al Husayni Grand Mufti of Jerusalem more militant 1922 1937 Raghib Nashashibi mayor of Jerusalem 1920 more moderate How did population increase Push factors Pull factors o Anti Semitism Holocaust Zionism o World Zionist congress o Pogroms o Dreyfus affair o Balfour Palestinian Politics Zionist politics Mapai Labor o Ben Gurion Weizmann o Practical Zionism Herut Likud o Jabotinsky Begin o Revisionist Zionism did resort to violence at times Deir Yassin April 1948 King David Hotel Headquarters for British military mandate July 1946 Hebron one of 4 holy cities for Jewish people Massacre aug 1929 Jaffa Massacre April 1936 Both sides guilty of violence Jewish activists Palestinian activists 3 Zionist Paramilitary groups Haganah Irgun Lehi Stern Gang 1947 Partition Plan UN Zionists agree Palestinian disagree 1948 War war for Israel independence Nakba disaster May 14 1948 British evacuated Zionist leaders proclaimed state of Israel Arab states invade Israel Create Govt o Basic laws Administer people arabs had curfew until 66 Code of law Poor economy Hostile neighbors 6 day War 1967 Victory for Israel Result Israel territory increases into Egypt Syria Who speaks for Palestine PLO Fatah current leader Abu Mazin Mahmud Abbas Hamas roots in Egyptian Muslim brotherhood Goal is to est Islamic state PFLP popular front for liberation of Palestine founded by George Habash Christian physician Black September Islamic Jihad rival of Hamas Islamic very influenced by shi a radicalism Palestinian Liberation Organization Arab league Hizballah Iranian backed org Palestine associates it w terror Resolution 242 inadmissibility of acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace Every state in the area has the right to live in peace w in secure and recognized boundaries free from the threats or acts of force Israel embraces statement b c validating Israel as a state 1970 s the era of regrettable events Sept 1970 Event Black September uprising in camps assassination attempts on King Husayn PLO moves base operations from Jordan to Lebanon Black September group Munich Olympics 1972 Munich Olympics Black September kidnapped 11 athletes and their coaches and killed them Yom Kippur War 1973 Yom Kippur holiest day on Jewish calendar Arabs attack Israel b c soldiers off guard Israel attacked by Syria Egypt Israel wins war w help of US intelligence PLO named sole legitimate rep for Palestinian 1974 UN Resolution 3379 grants PLO observer status equated Zionism w racism for a short time BUT Camp David Peace Accords 1978 79 Increasing of violent actions The 1980s End of PLO in Lebanon 1982 Lebanon Christian Army invite Syria to help stop uprisings Israel 9doesn t help PLO goes to Tunis Tunisia Arafat endorses UN Resolution 242 1st Intifada shaking off 1987 1990 increase of settlements Jewish into Palestinian territory Sparked by future PM going on top of Dome of Rock w soldiers o New generation uprising youth willing to result to violence o Stones then Molotov cocktails small weapons o Founding of Hamas Palestinian declaration of independence 1988 Read 442 451 11 16 11 3 intractable issues in Arab Israeli conflict Muhammad Reza Shah r 1942 1979 Israeli settlements Palestinian refugees Status of Jerusalem 3 periods or rule o 1942 53 o 1953 1970 o 1970 1979 1945 1953 Consolidation Assassination dodges attempts Egotistical plagued by oil problems British have full control of oil Mossadeq Mossadegh prime minister 1951 53 Powerful politician Tudeh communist party Mossadeq Crisis 1951 becomes PM o Leads call to nationalize Anglo Iranian oil company o 1952 institutes land reform o Introduces unemployment compensation Orders benefits to workers o Willing to make compromises w tudeh party 1952 radicalism out of control 1953 Operation TP AJAX CIA operation to overthrow certain governments Successful Overthrow Mossadeq Kermit Roosevelt 1953 1970 Reassert power o US military backing train military Youth sent abroad to learn at military academies o Continue control of oil company BP split 50 50 w British Impact on women o Education and franchise extended to them o Voting White revolution o 6 areas of reform 1963 Profit sharing for industrial workers in private sector enterprises Nationalize forest and pasture land Sale of government factories to finance more reform Amend electoral laws extend franchise allow more representation at village level Est of literary corps allows young men to go into villages and teach them to read and write Land reform land taken from parliament and given to peasants Makes him more appealing Limits landlords to owning only 1 village Problem poor people can t afford land the shah absorbs it as national property Results of white revolution Encourages class clashes SAVAK secret police monitor meetings Neo capitulations opportunities for western countries US British to come into country not subject to Iranian courts Critique of hypocrisy Charges of Out of Touch Out of Touch 1967 coronation wants history of Persia back 1971 2 500th anniversary at Persepolis Things go downhill Bazaaris Merchants didn t make money off of celebrations cheap American products flooding markets Intelligentsia people who went off to get edu Can t get job Upset by secret police SAVAK Peasants increase in pop increase flight to cities decrease in standard of living unrest Clerics Ulemma Shi a country Qom Khomeini exiled by shah to Iraq shah pressures Iraq to exile him to Paris Khomeini encounters new technologies publishes newspapers broadcasts against shah Multiple Revolutions 1978 81 Discontent The Shah abdicates Khomeini comes to power The Rev becomes Islamic Iranian revolution why Political alliance Economic distress Khomeini s rhetoric US Intel lacking o Clergy Bazaaris intelligentsia peasants Qum 1978 11 28 11 Iranian Revolution why Political alliance o Clergy bazaaris intelligentsia Qum Jan 1978 Shi a clergy go to study 30 000