ASH1044 9 26 2011 Vocab Fatimid Dynasty Ismaili Imami Al Hakim Ayyubids Battle of Manzikert Druze Zaydi Al Azhar Cairo Seljuks Sufi Wali one who god favors Shaykh Leader of Sufi order Old and respected man Dhikr Silsila shaykh passed leadership down chain Baraka blessing Nafs Antinomial Practices want to stimulate god s grace www aldaily com Articles of Note Bernard Lewis Shia Groups 12ers Imami Largest group of Shi a in world Live in Iran Led by Ayatollah the sign of god Term not used by other Shi a groups Mahdi Ohaltation disappeared will come back at end of time British General claimed to be Mahdi slaughtered 11ers Alawi Syria 15 of population Secretive 12ers do not accept as Shi a 7ers Ismaili Druze Fatimids were Ismaili Ogacon is leader India and Pakistan Known for seeking truth in esoteric ways hidden mystical ways 5ers Zaydi Hoothie Leadership is proven through revolts not passed down like the other groups Reject infallibility of Imams 50 of yemen 3 major Sufi Orders Qadiriya o Founded in 1078 o Persian in origin Shadhiliya Ahmadiya o Founded late 12th c o Moroccan shaykh from Seville o Late 18th c o N African in Origin Comparison of Sufism and Shiism Sufism Developed as a reaction to worldliness of Umayyads Led by Shaykhs Ali father of Sufism Believe there is hidden truth to be discovered pilgrimage to shaykh s tomb Shiism Vocab Led by ayatollahs Traces leadership through Alid line Supported by Abbasids against Umayyads Believe that Imams hold key to hidden truths Pilgrimage to ayatollah s tomb Jerusalem Edessa Tripoli Antioch Battle of Hattin Salah Al Din Sljuk Turks grants Establishment of Nobel land holding after generations Ghazi Iqta System buy of loyalty of soldiers by giving land Malik Shah dies 1092 Helps unify empire Malik King Blend arab and Persian culture Succession crisis after death Restore Sunni rule to Pope Urban II Fatimids 969 1171 Fatimids very tolerant Dhimmi status to Jews and Christians Replaced by Ayyubids in 1171 Caliphates economically legitimate Silk Road Mediterranean etc Cairo Al Azhar Started as Shi a institution Oldest university in Islamic world Is Sunni institution today Al Hakim 996 1021 eccentric Known for intolerance destroys holy church of sepulcher in Jerusalem Caliph Seljuks 956 1300 Ghazi warriors islamified Turks Employed as border guards Iqta s issued Battle of Manizkert 1071 Asia Minor Major defeat of Byzantine empire by Muslim force 1078 Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Rome Abbasids 750 1258 mongol invasions Adalusia 750 1492 Reconquista Ferdinand and Isabella Fatimids 949 1171 Crusades 1099 1272 series of wars that last 200 yrs o Alexus Comnenus to Pope Urban II Seljuk Rise 1095 help Why does pope agree o Unemployment o Overpopulation o religiosity What does he do o Nicaea Izmir o Antioch o Jerusalem June July 99 Crusader States Jerusalem Tripoli Antioch Edessa 2nd Crusade Crusades 1st Crusade 1096 1099 120 000 people Victims between 30 70 000 The first crusade to be led by European kings Attacked Damascus Attacked non Christians in eastern Europe Attacked non Christians in the Iberian Peninsula Start of the Reconquista Salah al Din Founder of Ayyubid Dynasty Very noble fair minded Nur al Din Damascus 1171 Fatimid caliph in Egypt dies No successor Salah al din 1187 Battle of Hattin Jerusalem taken by Salah al din Reynard Deshateone crusader army in red sea in attempt to take over mecca and medina 1180 only Tyre left 3rd crusade 1189 1192 Why King Richard the First England King Phillip the Second france Frederick Barbalosa Germany FB drowns in river R and P fight defeated by Muslims 4th crusade Phoenician merchants sacked Constantinople Not all motives for crusades religious Empire expansion cultural exchange 1054 Rome and Constantinople split Great Schism Results of the Crusades Salah al Din ends Fatimid dynasty in Egypt Mediterranean economy improves Knowledge transferred from Muslim East to Christian west philosophy scientific discoveries New Dynasty created by Salah al Din Ayyubids 1171 1250 imported Mamluks 1250 1517 take over new dynasty 14th C Mamluk system weakens 1517 Ottoman Turks take over Demise of feudalism in Europe Rise of Italian city states New agricultural products introduced to the West Europeans learned new nautical technology lateen sail astrolabe Demise of Fatimids New dynasty in Egypt Ayyubid Egypt 1174 1249 When the Fatimid ruler died Salah al Din Vizier 1171 Ruler 1174 1193 Sultana Shajarat al Durr 1249 1250 Mamluk Empire 1250 1517 Slave Soldiers Why Endure Good leadership Sultan Baybars 1260 1277 Alliances Economic Mongols Invade Hulegu Khan 1258 Baghdad B of Ayn Jalut 1260 BUT Sultan Baybars