Chapter 5 Planning Decision Making 81 92 I Planning choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy a Benefits Intensified effort i ii Persistence iii Direction iv Creation of task strategies b Pitfalls Impede change i ii Detachment of planners c Making a Plan that is successful i Setting Goals 1 Specific 2 Maintainable 3 Attainable 4 Realistic 5 Timely ii Developing Commitment to Goals iii Developing Action Plans iv Tracking Processes 1 Proximal Goals 2 Distal Goals v Maintaining Flexibility short term goals sub goals long term or primary goals 1 Option Based Planning maintaining flexibility by making small simultaneous investments in many alternative plans used with option based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes problems or opportunities cushion of extra resources that can be 2 Slack Resources II Strategic Planning customers and position itself against competitors over the next two to five years overall company plans that clarify how the company will serve a Top Managers i Mission Statement i Tactical Plans b Middle Managers that specify how the company will usr resources budgets and people over the next six months to two years to accomplish specific goals within its strategic mission 6months 2years plans created and implemented by middle managers 1 Management by Objective managers and employees discuss and select goals develop tactical plans and meet regularly to review progress toward accomplishment a 4 step process in which a Discuss possible goals b Select SMART goals c Develop tactical plans d Review progress i Operational Plans day to day plans developed and implemented by c Bottom lower level managers For within 30 days to 60 months plan that covers unique one time events plans used repeatedly to handle recurring events a standing plan that indicates the general actions that should be taken in response to a particular event or situation the series of steps that should be taken ii Single Use Pan iii Standing Plans iv Policies are more specific than policies because they indicate v Procedures
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