Management and organization Management is the process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning organizing leading and controlling people and other organizational resources Managing business activities requires a very diverse skill set and a lot of training Business managers face challenges that are not found in some other professions Including Near constant change Global marketplace Dynamic workforce strict quality standards frequent new technologies communication difficulties team environments and non traditional organizations Functions of Management Planning Anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and Leading Creating a vision and communicating guiding training coaching tactics and motivating others correcting non performance Controlling Establishing success standards rewarding efforts and Organizing Designing the organization structure and creating conditions and systems which work well together Assignment Management Function Planning Planning includes anticipating trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives Vision more than a goal it s a broad explanation of why the organization exists and where it s trying to go It gives the organization a sense of purpose and a set of values that unite workers in a common destiny An encompassing explanation of why an organization exists and where it s attempting to head Mission Statement Outlines an organization s fundamentalpurposes It addresses the organization s self concept its philosophy its long term survival needs its customer needs its social responsibility and the nature of the product or service goals customer relations social responsibility management standards etc Business management requires a large amount of planning on multiple fronts Strategic Planning is done by top management and determines the major goals of the organization and the policies procedures strategies and resources it will need to achieve them At the strategic planning stage top managers of the company decide which customers to serve when to serve them what products or services to sell and the geographic areas in which to compete Determines the major goals of the organization Tactical Planning is the process of developing detailed short term statements about what is to be done who is to do it and how Managers or teams of managers at lower levels of the organization normally make tactical plans Developing detailed directives about who what when etc Operational Planning is the process of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the company s tactical objectives operation planning looks focuses on specific supervisors department managers and individual employees unlike strategic planning which looks at the organization as a whole Establishing the standards and processes that will execute tactical plans Contingency Planning is the process of preparing alternative courses of action the firm can use if its primary plans don t work out Developing alternative courses to be deployed in the event of changing circumstances Management Function Leading Leading means creating a vision for the organization and communicating guiding training coaching and motivating others to achieve goals and objectives in a timely manner Being a leader requires creating a vision for others to follow and establish values and ethics Good leaders motivate their staff and create an environment of motivation and growth The best leaders are able to Communicate a vision and motivate others Still must be sensitive to concerns Establish corporate values creating and implementation Promote corporate ethics must demand honesty integrity Accept and adapt to change embrace change must be able to transform strategies Stress accountability and responsibility Leadership Styles Autocrat Leadership means making managerial decisions without consulting others This style is effective in emergencies and when absolute followership is needed Dictatorial form of leadership autocrats rely very little on outside input Participative Leadership involves managers and employees working together to make decisions Research has found that employee participation in decisions may not always increase effectiveness but it usually does increase job satisfaction Essentially the opposite of the autocrat the participative leader brings staff members together and enjoys group participation Free rein Leadership managers set objectives and employees are free to do whatever is appropriate to accomplish those objectives Free rein leadership is often the most successful leadership style in certain organizations such as those which managers supervise doctors professors engineers or other professionals The free rein leader promotes employee empowerment and freedom Management Function Controlling Controlling establishes clear standards to determine whether and organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives rewarding people for doing a good job and taking corrective action if they are not Basically it means measuring whether what actually occurs meets the organizations goals The controlling side of management is at the core of management Setting standards measuring efforts then rewarding or correcting performance is critical to operations In general there are five basic steps to controlling staff Establish clear standards Monitor Performance Corrective action Communicate Results Evaluate Results Staff feedback In general the area that gets the least attention is standards setting Standards tend to be too vague to measure effectively Standards when possible should have clear easily tracked metrics Accounting and finance are often responsible for providing the data necessary to review performance Recently customer service benchmarks have helped management evaluate their staff s performance Many businesses measure their performance on customer satisfaction both internal and external Management Function Organizing Organizing includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything works together to achieve the organizations goals and objectives Most businesses have the following personnel levels Top management is the highest level and consists of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans Middle Management includes general managers division managers and branch and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and
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