Chapter 1 Sociology scientific study of behavior and human groups o Focus on how relationships influence people s attitudes and behavior C W Mills sociological imagination Private lives patterns and events of our society THE ORIGINS OF SOCIOLOGY 1 The industrial revolution 2 The French Revolution AUGUST COMTE 1798 1857 o Sociology the study of the society o Positivism the application of the scientific method to the social world Society a social organism Lower or barbarian forms Herbert Spencer and Soial Darwinism 1820 1903 Higher or civilized forms the survival of the fittest Karl Marx 1818 1883 Class conflict o Bourgeoisie o Proletariart Conflict social change o Cultural values ideologies political institutions education Superstructure Economic base o Mode of production o Infrastructure Relations of production o Property owner relations Forces of production o Technology organization of labor Emile Durkheim 1858 1917 o Unity of society o Two types of society Suicide 1897 o Integrating into society o Social wants o Relationships o Social groups o Egoistic suicide Traditional societies mechanical solidarity Industrial societies organic solidarity Weak group family or community ties o Altruistic suicide o Anomic suicide Too strong ties to ones community When peoples lies are suddenly disrupted by major social events economic depression war famine Social integration the degree to which people tied to their social groups Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic 1864 1920 o Certain aspects of Christian beliefs capitalism o Values Self denying approach spirit of capitalism Readiness to invest Hard work o Verstehen Understanding American sociology o Jane Adams 1860 1935 Center for Research and Social thought Nobel peace prize o W E B Dubois 1868 1931 sociological laboratory in Atlanta research on African American experiences The souls of the Black Folk The Philadelphia Negro A social study Double consciousness identity through the lens of the particular experiences of African Americans Theoretical Perspectivies o Macro level of analysis Examining large scale patterns of society Fuctionalism structural Functionalism Conflict Parsons Durkheim Marx dahrendorf Society groups in conflict Conflict social change k Marx class struggle exploitation Society a system of interdependent and interrelated parts schools Balance or equilibrium Functions of dysfunctions Latent or manifest functions o Micro level of analysis o Careers in Sociology steadily positions Symbolic interactionism examining the details of everyday life interactions between individuals Number of students graduating with degree in sociology has risen Provides strong liberal arts background for entry level Social services Foundations Business Community organizations Government Law enforcments
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