Text Study Guide Adol F12 L Dickson Don t forget the Key Terms Skip Emerging Adulthood sections Some topics I talked about in class are also covered in the textbook don t neglect to read and understand these sections even if I didn t include them in the text study guide Ch 10 Schools Constructivist vs Direct instruction approaches to student learning strengths criticisms Constructivist learner centered approach emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher Strengths promotes creative thinking and collaboration criticisms do not give enough attention to the content of a discipline too vague Direct Instruction structured teacher centered approach characterized by teacher direction and control high teacher expectations maximum time spent on academic tasks efforts by the teacher to keep negative affect to a minimum strengths maximizes student learning time criticisms promotes passive learning doesn t challenge students to think in critical and creative ways What is NCLB and what does it have to do with state mandated testing What are some criticisms of NCLB No Child Left Behind the government s effort to hold schools and school districts accountable for the success or failure of their students tests student adequacy through standardized tests criticisms using a single score from a single tests as the sole indicator of students progress and competence represents a very narrow aspect of students skills don t measure skills such as creativity motivation persistence flexible thinking and social skills teachers spend too much time teaching for the test Know the general trends in high school dropout rates including ethnic differences Overall decrease through the 20th and 21st centuries highest rate is for Native Americans What is a key component of the I Have A Dream Program Adopt entire grades usually third or fourth and provide them with a program of academic social cultural and recreational activities through highschool Its personal rather than institutional sponsors and staff develop close personal relationships with the children IHAD provides college tuition assistance necessary for them to attend a state or local college or vocational school Skip Transitions from College to Work Text Study Guide Adol F12 L Dickson Recognize examples of classroom management strategies Authoritative encourages students to be independent thinkers and doers but still involved effective monitoring engage students in verbal give and take and show a caring attitude toward them declare limits when necessary clarify rules and regulations Authoritarian restrictive and punitive focus is on keeping order in the classroom rather than instruction and learning place firm limits and controls on students and have little verbal exchange Permissive offers students considerable autonomy but provides them with little support for developing learning skills or managing their behavior How does the level of parent involvement in school change from elementary school to middle school Lessens What are the key components goals of the Olweus Bullying Prevention program and Steps to Respect Have they been successful Olweus focuses on 6 to 15 year olds goal is to decrease opportunities and rewards for bullying Reduces bullying 30 to 70 percent Steps to Respect 1 Establishes a school wide approach 2 Training staff and parents to deal with bullying 3 Teaching students to recognize not tolerate and handle bullying Successful in reducing bullying and argumentativeness in third through sixth grade students How integrated are US schools What did J Kozol observe on his visits to poor inner city schools 80 to 90 minority population in inner city schools unkempt classrooms hallways and restrooms inadequate textbooks and supplies lack of resources rote memorization threatening disciplinary tactics What is a jigsaw classroom and what was it designed to address Students from different cultural backgrounds are placed in a cooperative group in which they have to construct different parts of a project to reach a common goal designed to address racial tensions in the classroom Who decides whether a student has a learning disability What is IDEA and how is it implemented Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IEP individualized education plan written statement hat spells out a program that is specifically tailored for children and adolescents with a disability LRE least restrictive environment setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children and adolescents to do not have disabilities are educated What are the 3 characteristics of gifted children Precocity have an inborn high ability in a specific domain or domains Marching to their own drummer learn in a way that is qualitatively different from their nongifted counterparts Require less support or scaffolding Text Study Guide Adol F12 L Dickson A passion to master driven to understand the domain in which they have high ability Ch 11 Achievement How do perceived levels of challenge and skill relate to the concept of Flow Flow optimal experiences in life when people report feelings of deep enjoyment and happiness occurs most often when people develop a sense of mastery and are absorbed into a state of concentration while they engage in an activity Occurs when individuals are engaged in challenges they find neither too difficult or too easy How do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation relate to persistence and achievement Intrinsic motivation is positively liked with grades and standardized test scores wheras extrinsic motivation is negatively related to achievement outcomes framing goals extrinsically is related to a lower level of independent motivation and lower persistence on achievement tasks How is self efficacy high vs low related to task choice goal setting and achievement Students with low self efficacy for learning might avoid many learning tasks students with low self efficacy are more likely to persist with effort at a learning task than are students with low self eficacy What are the differences between American and Asian schools and parental attitudes that your text cites in discussing achievement differences between these two cultures Stevenson 1992 1995 American parents had much lower expectations for their children s education and achievement than the Asian parents did American parents were more likely to attribute their children s math achievement to innate ability whereas Asian