Terminology Terminology Hunger Malnutrition Physiological state that Hunger Physiological state that results when not enough food is eaten results when not enough food is eaten to meet energy needs to meet energy needs Condition of impaired Malnutrition Condition of impaired development or function caused by development or function caused by deficiency OR excess deficiency OR excess failing health that Undernutrition failing health that results from longstanding dietary results from longstanding dietary intake that is not enough to meet intake that is not enough to meet nutritional needs a form of nutritional needs a form of malnutrition malnutrition Undernutrition Terminology Terminology Famine Overnutrition Excess amount of food Overnutrition Excess amount of food leading to over consumption and poor leading to over consumption and poor food choices a form of malnutrition food choices a form of malnutrition Extreme shortage of food Famine Extreme shortage of food large scale massive large scale leading to massive leading to starvation in a population starvation in a population Condition of anxiety Food insecurity Condition of anxiety about running out of food or money to about running out of food or money to buy food 963 million buy food 963 million Food insecurity Critical Micronutrients Critical Micronutrients Missing from Diets Missing from Diets Worldwide Worldwide IronIron Vitamin A Vitamin A Various B vitamins e g folate Various B vitamins e g folate Zinc Zinc Iodide Iodide Famine Famine Characteristics Characteristics Large scale loss of life Large scale loss of life Social disruption Social disruption Economic chaos Economic chaos Human distress Human distress Causes Causes Crop failure Crop failure Bad weather Bad weather War political unrest War political unrest Initial Stage of Initial Stage of Semistarvation Semistarvation No visible clinical signs No visible clinical signs May affect reproductive May affect reproductive capacity capacity Weakened immune system Weakened immune system Depressed lab values Depressed lab values Effects of Semistarvation Effects of Semistarvation Weight loss Weight loss Fatigue muscle soreness Fatigue muscle soreness irritability hunger pains irritability hunger pains Poor concentration and lack of Poor concentration and lack of ambition cognitive effects ambition cognitive effects Decreased heart rate and Decreased heart rate and muscle tone muscle tone Biochemical abnormalities Biochemical abnormalities SEVERE deficiency disease s SEVERE deficiency disease s Other Effects of Other Effects of Undernutrition Undernutrition Effects of Undernutrition Effects of Undernutrition During Pregnancy During Pregnancy Nutritional needs are higher Nutritional needs are higher Fetal development is affected Fetal development is affected Fetus may deplete maternal Fetus may deplete maternal nutrient stores nutrient stores Results in increased risk of death Results in increased risk of death of woman and or child of woman and or child Effects of Undernutrition Effects of Undernutrition During Fetal and Infant During Fetal and Infant Stages Stages Poor growth and development Poor growth and development Pre term delivery Pre term delivery Immature lungs Immature lungs Weakened immune system Weakened immune system Long term health problems Long term health problems Increased health care costs Increased health care costs Effects of Undernutrition Effects of Undernutrition During Childhood During Childhood Period of rapid growth Period of rapid growth Especially brain and CNS Especially brain and CNS Permanent brain impairment Permanent brain impairment Stunted growth Stunted growth Impaired motor skills Impaired motor skills Low resistance to infection Low resistance to infection Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia Effects of Undernutrition In Effects of Undernutrition In Older Adults Older Adults Require nutrient dense foods Require nutrient dense foods Many on fixed incomes Many on fixed incomes Many forced to choose Many forced to choose between medication or food between medication or food Lower resistance to infection Lower resistance to infection Undernutrition in the United Undernutrition in the United States States 36 of poor are children 36 of poor are children 13 million 13 million Choice between food rent or heat Choice between food rent or heat More related to politics and More related to politics and socioeconomic trends than socioeconomic trends than scarcity of food scarcity of food Feeding the Hungry in the Feeding the Hungry in the U S U S School Lunch program established School Lunch program established 1946 1946 Food Stamp program for low income Food Stamp program for low income currently 28 million now SNAP currently 28 million now SNAP School Lunch and Breakfast program School Lunch and Breakfast program provides meals free or reduced cost provides meals free or reduced cost Special Supplemental Nutrition Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Program for Women Infants and Children WIC 1972 Children WIC 1972 Charitable food pantries 150 000 Charitable food pantries 150 000 Conditions Related to Conditions Related to Undernutrition Undernutrition Poverty Poverty Overabundance of unskilled Overabundance of unskilled workers workers Low paying service jobs Low paying service jobs Massive lay offs unemployment Massive lay offs unemployment Increase in number of single parent Increase in number of single parent families families Homelessness Homelessness Statistics Statistics 23 are families with children 23 are families with children 3 5 million experience homelessness in 3 5 million experience homelessness in a given year a given year Causes Causes High cost of housing High cost of housing Subsidies for housing decreased Subsidies for housing decreased Low income families likely to spend Low income families likely to spend more than half their income for rent more than half their income for rent Release of mentally ill patients Release of mentally ill patients Alcohol drug abuse Alcohol drug abuse Poverty and Hunger Issues Poverty and Hunger Issues in the United States in the United States Government programs are not Government programs are not enough enough Responsibility of ALL citizens Responsibility of ALL citizens Long term undernutrition has Long term undernutrition has both individual and societal both individual and societal consequences consequences EVERYONE can be affected EVERYONE can be
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