A READ ARTICLES B Violence Against Women a Why is violence considered a public health issue i Violence is a leading causes of injury disability and premature death ii Violence is a significant disparity disproportionately affecting young people and people of color iii Violence increases he risk of other poor health outcomes b What is a public health approach to preventing violence i Primary prevention orientation efforts designed to prevent violence before it occurs ii Data driven approaches based on data that descries the nature of the problem as well as contributing risk and resilience factors iii Collaborative multiple partners from public health law enforcement education recreation economic development mental health substance abuse business and others working together to produce change iv Population based seeking community wide or environmental solutions c Affirmative Consent Standard i Affirmative Consent Standard consent is what the other person gives you and if they don t give it to you you don t have it Example right of on the road Yes means yes ii a Secured buy in from formerly unengaged systems like law enforcement courts and social services b Created a federal leadership role that had encouraged tribes states and local government to improve responses to victims and perpetrators c Established new federal crimes of domestic violence sexual assault and stalking to fill in jurisdictional gaps in prosecuting these crimes d Defined the crimes of domestic violence dating violence sexual assault and stalking as well as identifying promising practices to respond to these crimes e Focused on the needs of underserved communities such as f immigrant and Native American women Immigrant women i T visa C Violence Against Women Act D Child Abuse tribal jurisdiction 1 Provide immigration protection to victims of human trafficking ii U visa 1 Designated for cities of certain crimes who have suffered mental or physical abuse because of the crime iii T and U Visas offer 1 Ability to remain in the United States 2 Temporary work authorization i Experience violence at the same rate as the rest of the g LGBT Community population ii Many laws cannot aid gay or transgender persons iii Services not LGBT friendly h Native American Women i Complex tribal laws ii 86 percent of perpetrators are non Native and outside a Code of Maryland Regulations defines child abuse and child neglect as i Physical injury ii Failure to give proper care and attention iii Sexual molestation or exploitation iv Impairment of a child s mental or psychological ability to function v Finding credible evidence that has not been satisfactorily refuted that physical abuse neglect or sexual abuse occurred b Estimates range from 10 50 of child abuse cases never get c reported to the police or child protective services In Maryland you are mandated reporter if you are one of the following i Educator ii Human service worker iii Police office iv Health practitioner d Making a report i Does not require proof that abuse or neglect has occurred before reporting ii Anyone that makes a good faith report is immune from civil liability and criminal penalty iii Must make an oral and written report to the local department of social services not later than 48 hours after the contact e What happens after reporting to CPS E Food Security i The investigation must include 1 The nature extent and causes of the neglect or abuse 2 The identity of the individual s responsible for the neglect or abuse 3 The name age and condition of every other child in the household 4 Any other pertinent information a Obesity Trends among U S Adults Between 1985 and 2010 i Obesity Body Mass Index BMI of 30 or higher ii Body Mass Index BMI A measure of an adult s weight in relation to his or her height specifically the adult s weight in kilograms divided by the square of his or her height in meters b Health at every size and sizes i Accepting and respecting the diversity of body shapes ii Recognizing that health and well being are multi dimensional and that they include physical social spiritual occupational emotional and intellectual aspects iii Promoting all aspects of health and well being for people of all sizes iv Promoting eating in a manner which balances individual nutritional needs hunger satiety appetite and pleasure v Promoting individually appropriate enjoyable life enhancing physical activity rather than exercise that is focused on a goal of weight loss c Healthy Eating Index i Measure of overall diet quality rather than just individual nutrients that contribute to health d Components of Food Security i Food Availability means that there is sufficient food produced domestically or imported ii Food Access the ability of people to purchase or otherwise obtain food to meet their nutritional needs iii Utilization proper food preparation nutrition and F Hunger and Nutrition in Maryland hygiene practices a Food security is defines as having access to enough food for an active healthy life i Food insecurity refers to the lack of access to enough food to fully meet basic needs at all times due to lack of financial resources ii Hunger is the uneasy or painful sensation caused by a lack of food and a potential consequence of food insecurity b 12 5 percent of Maryland households are considered to be food insecure c 5 6 percent were living in households that were considered to have very low food security d Domino of negative consequences i Low Birth weight ii Obesity iii Mental health issues iv Dental health problems v Poor education outcomes vi Long term economic costs e Causes of food insecurity i Costs of living ii Local variation in household income and employment iii Resource allocation children and disabled family iv Availability and utilization of food assistance programs members and other safety nets f Food security and obesity factors i Limited resources ii Lack of access to healthy affordable foods iii Fewer opportunities for physical activity iv Cycles of food deprivation and overeating v High levels of stress greater exposure to obesity related marketing vi Limited access to health care g Fruits and veggies are more expensive than snack foods h Federal Nutrition Programs i School Meals breakfast lunch ii Out of school meals and snacks summer meals afterschool snacks CACFP iii WIC iv Food Stamps i Food Supplement Program FSP i Different names for the program 1 National Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program SNAP 2 Maryland Food Supplement program ii