Lecture 14 Answer in Prokaryotes the cytoplasm Answer 1 Where would polyribosome and simultaneous transcription and translation be found o Why Because prokaryotes do not have compartmentalization o In eukaryotes splicing must occur before translation and translation occurs in How many promoters would be necessary to allow transcription of the pmoCAB operon o Why Operon arranged in genes so talking about turning on and off genes they are a series of genes that are co transcribed o One long mRNA is made for all three of the genes by definition an operon has one promoter all the genes come off of one piece of mRNA do not confuse this with intron exon in eukaryotes this is not found in bacteria o Promoters are not apart of the transcript they are in front of where the transcript starts How many mRNA molecules will be produced when this operon is transcribed Presuming RNA polymerase will only go through it once Answer 1 o Why If there is one promoter for all of these genes that means there is one transcript for all of these genes and one mRNA molecule How many ribosome binding sites will be present on the RNA produced when the pmo operon is transcribed Answer 3 o Why Each gene in the transcript needs its on RBS o Where In front of each gene just upstream transcribed Answer 3 o Why Each gene needs its own start codon AUG How many start codons will be present on the RNA produced when the pmo operon is Which lettered area best marks the area within the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase would bind to ensure transcription of the genes as a unit Answer A o Why You want the promoters for genes upstream of the genes near the 5 where they have to be if you are going to get transcription of the gene If letter A indicates the promoter which lettered area best marks the area within the DNA sequence where you would find a site that serves as the initiation site for transcription Answer B o Why Promoters are about 10 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site B is the best answer because you must transcribe the RBS which is ahead of the start codon which would be marked by letter C right at the beginning of the first blue arrow indicative of the first gene Which lettered area or areas best marks the area within the DNA sequence where you would find a codon that indicates a translational start site Answer C F I o Why Each gene needs a translational start site Questions above are all fair game for the exam Peptide enzyme protein all these words can most of the time be used interchangeably Quorum sensing the ability of microorganisms have to detect how many microorganisms are in their area Certain genes are turned on and off depending on microorganisms are living in groups or not Molecule is sent out of cell diffuses out If there are multiple neighboring microorganisms and they all send out this molecule it doesn t diffuse as fast because the concentration is increased Some of the molecule actually ends up back in the neighboring cells and the cells can now detect that there are more cells around o 2 types of molecules used for sensing each other 1 for detecting within their own species and the other type is used to talk to all other species around o Bioluminescence not turned on until it receives a signal from the environment Expensive process involves turning on like 2 genes need auto inducer present
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