Bureaucracies large secondary groups organized to achieve goals efficiently Chapter 5 social groups and formal organizations Wednesday February 16 2011 12 31 PM Types of groups Types of interaction Primary groups small face to face interactions intimate Secondary groups large impersonal Fig T 29 the continuum from primary to secondary groups Reference groups provide standards by which we make self evaluations In groups Out groups Loyalty and respect We Antagonism and contempt they Bureaucracies formal organizations Max weber the ideal type of bureaucracies Division of labor Hierarchy of authority Characteristics Figure 7 1 Specialization Hierarchy of offices Rules and regulations Technical competence Impersonality Record keeping Perpetuation of bureaucracies Goal displacement March of dimes Dysfunctions of bureaucracy Inefficiency in unusual cases Veblen trained incapacity Bureaucratic enlargement Parkinson s law 1954 work expands to fill time available for its McDonaldization of society standardization of every day life completion Group dynamics Types of leadership Instrumental leadership group goals Expressive leadership group harmony Styles of leadership Authoritarian Democratic Laissez fair Groups and conformity If Hitler asked you to execute a stranger would you Asch 1952 research figure 6 4 Milgram experiment 1952 teachers and learners Mild shock 15 volts Intense shock 350 volts Danger severe shock 450 volts
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