Cell Biology 1 10 11 Week 1 What happens in this movie What I think Phagocytosis Large cell looks to be a parasite or WBC Person next to me Flexible WBC Phagocytosis WBC Big Blob Blob different colors Cells moved by blob Cells change shape CLASS Some round others shriveled Blobs engulf little dots Big thing eating little thing RBCs Hypertonic RBCS Little things Bacteria Crenation Conical Projections on surface of red blood cell Size relations Hypertonic Water is moving out of the cell Typical Bacteria 1 3 micrometers Virus 10 50 nm checkmark good way to describe the movie QUIZ FRIDAY 1 14 11 Know something about everything on Slide See Vista REMEMBER CLICKER FOR NEXT CLASS Amoeba Proteus Mvt By pseudopodia phagocytosis of smaller unicellular organisms Eukaryotic Free Living Proteus From Greek god proteus can change into anything Paramecium unicellular ciliate protozoa Group of them Freshwater environments mostly Scum water Human Egg Ovum Haploid female gamete Digest worn out organelles food particles work at a pH of 4 5 Dispense enzymes into vacuoles Mitochondrion Generate ATP which is a source of chemical energy Involve in cell cycle growth differentiation death Measles Virus Also Rubeola Single stranded negative sense RNA viruses Symptoms fever cough runny nose red eyes rash Photoreceptor rod Found in eye s retina capable of photo transduction Convert light into beginning of bio processes Change in membrane potential Rods do not detect color well sensitive Influenza Virus Flu caused by RNA viruses affects birds and mammals Chills fever sore throat muscle pains severe headache coughing Causes pneumonia Transmitted VIA coughs sneezes Skin cell Protection sensation heat regulation control of evaporation storage and synthesis absorption water resistance Epidermis outermost layer contains no blood vessels Dermis Consists of connective tissue cushions body from stress and strain Contains blood lymph vessels hair follicles sweat glands Sperm Haploid male gamete Move by flagellum X Chromosome The chromosome that females will typically donate 5 of DNA in women s cells 2 5 in mens 2000 genes compared to Male Y containing 78 genes Baker s Yeast Common name for strains of yeast used as leavening agent in baking bread Convert sugar in dough to carbon dioxide and ethanol E coli Gram negative rod shaped bacterium in lower intestine of warm blooded organisms Most are harmless O157 H7 causes food poisioning in humans Part of normal flora V K2 Lysosome Contain acid hydrolase enzyme to break down waste materials and cellular debris Phage bacteria Virus One of a number of viruses that infect bacteria Lytic phages bacterial cells broken open Lysogenic cycle genome integrates with host DNA HIV Causes immune system to fail A retrovirus Occurs by transfer of blood semen vaginal fluid pre ejaculate breast milk Coated vesicle Store transport digest cellular products and waste Small membrane enclosed sack Select specific proteins as cargo Hepatitis Virus inflammation of the liver inflammatory cells in tissue of organ Cause jaundice anorexia malaise Acute lasts less than six months Rhinovirus common viral infective agents in humans cause of common cold Hemoglobin Iron containing oxygen transport in RBCs transport oxygen from lungs to body collects CO2 Antibody gamma globulin proteins used by immune system identify and neutralize foreign objects Heavy and light chains Ribosome Synthesize proteins in the cell Comes from mRNA Coffee Bean tRNA attaches the messenger RNA that will code the protein Phospholipid Make up the cell bilayer Can change shapes and allow different molecules in and out of the cell Glucose C6H12O6 Is a monosaccharide simple sugar OH groups along six carbon backbone Grain of Salt NaCl Grain of Rice Adenine nucleobase In NAD FAD ATP protein synthesis of DNA and RNA Complementary to Thymine in DNA uracil in RNA water molecule 2 hydrogen atoms 1 oxygen atom MW 18 04 g carbon atom Symbol C Three types of isotope C14 is radioactive methionine alpha amino acid Nonpolar Contains sulfur Used by plants for synthesis of ethylene Cell biology 1 12 11 Amoeba Proteus o Phagocytosis sometimes called cellular eating o Eukaryotic Has a nucleus o Pseudopod False foot Paramecium o Eukaryotic single celled cilia on them o Scum water Next week How cilia move Know something about viruses on general level Exploring Cells What are the cellular structures you know o Mitochondrion o Lysosomes o Ribosomes o Vacuoles o Golgi Bodies Apparatus o Cytoplasm cytosol o Centrioles o Peroxisomes o Microtubules o Peripheral Proteins o Chloroplast o DNA o Nucleolus o Cytoskeleton o Membrane o Nucleus o Endoplasmic Reticulum What do they do o Mitochondrion SOME ATP production Oxidative phosphorylation o Lysosomes Breakdown of worn out organelles Proteases lipases nucleases polysaccharidases enzymes pH 5 Less than cytosol pH 7 2 Foreign particles bacteria food particles Antigens Taysachs disease failure to produce enzyme needed to break down sphingolipids o Chloroplast 3 types of membrane Outer membrane freely permeable to molecules Inner membrane many transporters o Integral membrane proteins move small molecules proteins synthesized Thylakoid membranes o Enclose lumen o Types of protein assemblies o Photosystem I chlorophyll carotenoid molecules Photosystem II Cytochromes b f ATP synthase o Carry out photosynthesis o Stroma contains all enzymes chloroplast genome o Cilia Flagella enables swimming Can anchor to tissue noncovalently with integral membrane proteins Integral membrane proteins anchored into plasma membrane of cell o Peripheral Proteins These are associated with the integral proteins o Microtubules Straight hollow cylinders Mostly involved in motion Dyneins minus end of microtubules Kinesins toward plus end of microtubules o Ribosomes Translate mRNA molecules and create proteins For use in cytosol secretion by exocytosis plasma membrane lysosomes Attached to the ER Synthesize 13 of proteins destined for membrane of mitochondrion o Vacuoles Storage facilities o Golgi Bodies Apparatus Process proteins made in the ER Some end up as integral membrane proteins in plasma membrane Addition of sugar molecules to form glycoproteins In plants golgi secretes cell plate and cell wall Stacked membrane bounded cisternae In to the cis golgi out the trans golgi to go to various destinations o Endoplasmic Reticulum Have ribosomes attached to them smooth ER will also break down toxins in liver o Nucleus Contains the genetic