Archaean period of Earth s history that witnessed the origins of life before 2 5 BYA Planet Earth Exam Review Atmosphere gaseous portion of Earth The Big Bang happened about 14 MYA Cambrian Explosion of Life happens at the beginning of the Paleozonic The radioactive isotope of carbon 6 protons and 8 neutrons Cenozoic Era the era we are currently in Phanerozoic period in Earth s history that is subdivided into 3 the Paleozoic the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic Earth s core is more iron rich than it is silicon rich Foraminifera hard parts out of calcium carbonate Galaxies made of numerous solar systems Granite a rock of the continental crust Homologous traits can be used to understand common ancestry between 2 different organisms Humans belong to the order primate Hydrosphere includes all liquid water on Earth Fossil Succession principle that states that the oldest fossils will be found in the layers at the bottom of the sequence Sandstone a sedimentary rock The Mesozoic Era was the time when dinosaurs existed Metamorphic rocks form from the changes in heat and pressure Taxonomy is the placing of organisms in categories based on their similarities and differences Phylogeny an evolutionary family tree showing ancestors and descendants throughout time Rocks stiff aggregates of minerals as well as natural glass Oceans Earth s largest collectors and storage areas for heat energy that s derived from the sun Hadean period Internal differentiation of Earth during this time In order for a heavenly body to be considered a planet of the solar system it must have a predictable orbital pattern around a star have formed when the star and other plants of that solar system initially formed The lightest oxygen isotope is 160 The percentage of Earth s surface covered by water is more than 70 The revolution of Earth smaller than Saturn s revolution Carbon Dioxide water Glucose Oxygen photosynthesis Slate is a metamorphic rock Igneous rocks form through solidification of magma or lava Venus Terrestrial Planet Oxygenated atmosphere Proterozoic Formation of the moon Hadean Single celled photosynthetic organisms Stromatolites Snowfall Precipitation Loss of water vapor from plants Transpiration Layered calcium carbonate indicative of Cyanobacteria blue green algae Coccolithophores Continental divergence caused the formation of the East African Rift Valley Crystal shape of a mineral that is determined by the orderly pattern of the lattice Lattice the atomic arrangement of molecules or ions that give a crystal its shape An example of intra plate volcanism is Hawaii P waves are surface waves that travel slower than s waves The two types of crust include oceanic crust and continental crust Continental convergence helped to generate the supercontinent of Pangaea Synclines are trough shaped folds often formed from compression forces Minerals solid rocks Rayleigh waves are surface waves Love waves are surface waves Vents are rooted at magma chambers Metaconglomerate is the result of metamorphic process only involving pressure Which of these would you expect to find at divergent plate boundaries Mid ocean ridge Continent to continent collisions will generate metamorphism A volcano that underwent a phreatomagmatic eruption is Krakatau Flat area surrounding a river is termed the Foodplain The deepest part of the river where stream flow is the fastest is the Channel Meandering rivers Have a single very curvy channel Braided rivers Consist of a series of intertwined channels and bars Along the bend of a meandering river channel a bank attached bar is often formed Turbidity is Agitated water The shape and depth from sea level of the ocean floor is called Bathymetry The density of seawater increases with Decreasing both temperature salinity Air flowing north from the equator is deflected to the east by the Coriolis effect The high altitude jet stream in the Northern Hemisphere goes from from west to east Earth s rotation is a counterclockwise spin on its axis Earth s revolution is a 365 23 day period Areas of high pressure are associated with Sinking air masses cold air masses Areas of low pressure are associated with Warm air masses rising air masses Differential heating cooling refers to The slow rate at which land changes temperature compared to water Marine geology studies Minerals from underneath the ocean Rocks from underneath the ocean Storm surges are Ocean water blown inland by hurricane winds The correct order for faster winds is Tropical disturbance Tropical depression and Tropical storm Icehouse Earth is characterized by all of these an abundance of polar ice low atmospheric concentration of CO2 and low global temperatures Starting from the equator and moving toward either pole each hemisphere has 3 convection cells Clouds generally form when air Rises The periodic adjoining and breakup of Earth s continental crust describes the Supercontinent cycle Water flow on the surface of Earth occurs as channel and stream flow As the velocity of flow increases hydrostatic pressure on a particle decreases The variations of grain sizes carried by water in a river channel depend on factors such as turbidity and velocity of the stream flow The greenhouse effect on Earth is caused by the interaction between atmospheric gases and insulation Global Warming is happening but scientists are in disagreement as to whether it is a natural warming or a warming caused by humans Flooding happens when a channel s capacity to hold water is less than the amount of water being supplied to that channel Oceans are less confined by land as compared to seas The highest amount of rainfall occurs in the Northern Hemisphere The area with lowest air pressure would be in the Northern Hemisphere December 21 There is more night than day in the Northern Hemisphere September 22 There is equal amount of day night