09 04 2013 Significant Events eSignificant Earthquakes o Chi Chi earthquake in Taiwan in 1999 o Largest earthquakes since 1900 Chile May 22 1960 mag 9 5 Alaska March 28 1964 mag 9 2 Sumatra December 26 2004 mag 9 1 Tohoku March 11 2011 mag 9 0 Kamchatcka November 4 1952 mag 9 0 Maule Chile February 27 2010 mag 8 8 Ecuador January 31 1906 mag 8 8 Rat Island Alaska February 4 1965 mag 8 7 Nias Indonesia March 28 2005 mag 8 6 Assam Tibet August 15 1950 mag 8 6 Andreanov Islands Alaska March 9 1957 mag 8 6 Sumatra September 12 2007 mag 8 5 Banda Sea February 1 1938 mag 8 5 Kamtachaka February 3 1923 mag 8 5 Chile November 11 1922 mag 8 5 Kuril Islands October 13 1963 o 1906 San Francisco Earthquake April 18 1960 5 13am mag 7 8 Death toll 3 000 City destroyed by fire not shaking First earthquake that we understand what really happened o Discovery of the San Andreas Fault Lawson Report 1908 documents rupture and offset of SAF Reid proposes Elastic Rebound theory Discovered a couple years before the san Francisco earthquake o 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake October 17 1989 at 5 04pm mag 6 9 63 deaths 6billion damage world series earthquake not on san andreas fault o N California Faults Strands parallel to SAF Highest risk Hayward fault Oakland Loma prieta slightly off main strand o S California Faults 1992 landers mag 7 3 1994 northridge mag 6 4 1999 hector mine mag 7 1 1857 fort tejon mag 8 0 o largest in california o 1994 northridge January 17 1994 4 30am Mag 6 7 but right underneath los angeles 42 billion of damage not a subduction zone megathrust event o 1923 Kanto earthquake japan September 1 1923 11 58am mag 8 3 fire tsunami Yokohama main seaport and half of Tokyo destroyed 150 000 deaths celebrated by earthquake preparations o 2011 Tohoku earthquake march 11 2011 2 46pm mag 9 0 tsunami nuclear crisis 8649 dead 13 262 missing most expensive natural disasters 300 billion o 2004 Sumatra December 26 2004 7 58am M9 1 Continued activity o 03 28 2005 Nias M8 6 o 07 17 2006 Java M7 7 o 09 12 2007 S Sumatra M8 5 o 09 12 2007 S Sumatra M7 9 o 02 20 2008 Simeulue M7 4 o 02 25 2008 Sumatra M7 2 o 08 10 2009 Andeman M7 5 o 09 02 2009 Java M7 7 o 09 30 2009 S Sumatra M7 6 o 04 06 2010 N Sumatra M7 8 o 05 09 2010 N Sumatra M7 2 o 06 12 2010 Nicobar M7 5 o 10 05 2010 Indonesia M7 7 o 01 10 2012 N Sumatra M7 2 o 2004 tsunami Indonesia 130 736 167 799 Country confirmed deaths estimated deaths Sri Lanka 35 322 35 322 India 12 405 18 045 Thailand 5 395 8 212 Somalia 78 289 Myanmar 61 400 600 Maldives 82 108 Malaysia 68 75 Tanzania 10 13 Seychelles 3 3 Bangladesh 2 2 South Africa 2 2 Yemen 1 1 Total 184 167 230 273 o Tohoku success story Early warning systems works Buildings held well Compare with 200 000 dead in 2004 Sumatra earthquake o 2010 Haiti earthquakw January 12 2010 4 53pm mag 7 0 316 000 deaths Right underneath the city and poor infrastructure o 2010 Maule Chile February 27 2010 3 34pm mag 8 8 Only 523 casualties o 2008 Wenchuan Sichuan China May 12 2008 2 28pm mag 7 9 greater then 69 000 deaths Landslides were main cause of damage o 1975 Haicheng earthquake February 2 1975 7 36 pm mag 7 3 Successful prediction evacuate Haicheng about 1million residents 1328 deaths estimates 150 000 if no evacuation o 1976 Tangshan earthquake July 28 1976 3 42 mag 7 5 242 769 to 600 000 casualties o Other important events October 8 2005 Pakistan M 7 6 December 26 2003 Bam Iran M 6 6 November 3 2002 Denali Alaska M7 9 September 20 1999 Chi Chi Taiwan M 7 6 August 17 1999 zmit Turkey M 7 6 March 27 1964 Alaska M9 2 second largest May 22 1960 Chile M9 5 largest ever January 17 1995 Kobe Japan M 6 8 100B damage September 01 1886 Charleston SC M7 3 Significant Eruptions o 2010 Eyjakjallajokull Plume volcanic eruption under ice produces steam and other gases to propel pyroclastic debris into the atmosphere European air travel was interrupted for weeks o Iceland Located on the north atlantic mid ocean ridge Hot spot Grimsvotn Iceland 2004 eruption o Edfell eruption 1973 Volcano on the island of Heimaey Iceland New land was created during the 1973 eruption o Kilauea Hawai i 1983 to present characterized by violent explosions of ash and gas o Nevado del Ruiz Columbia 1985 Shield like stratovolcano Domes and cones at the summit Mudflows called lahars main cause of damage and death o November 13 1985 eruption Lahars triggered by melting of summit icecap About 23 000 people die in Armero and nearby villages 1 billion in damage o 1985 Lahar deposit o Montagne Pelee 1902 o Montserrat Eruption started July 18 1995 Sequence of pyroclastic flows dome formation and collapse Rapid flows 200mph o Mount Pinatubo June 12 1991 Global climatic consequences Ash cloud rose to unprecedented heights in the atmosphere Eruption was successfully predicted o Krakatau Indonesia 1883 eruption gas and aerosols released in the atmosphere collapse of the mountain into the sea tsunami floodings nearby o Tambora 1815 Last recorded explosion o Mt St Helens 1980 eruption Caused by a landslide on the mountain o Laki eruption Iceland May 1783 to May 1785 15km of magma erupts through 27 long fissures 1 3 people in Iceland starve to death o Mt Vesuvius today Just a few miles from Naples Italy 3 million people live in the bay still active eruptions in 203 472 512 787 968 991 999 1007 1036 1631 600 1682 1694 1698 1707 177 1760 1767 1779 1794 1822 1834 1839 1850 1855 1861 1868 1872 1906 1926 1929 1944 One of the decade volcanoes Catastrophic eruptions in 79AD and 1944 o Other important events and volcanoes Historical Eruptions o Mt Unzen Japan 1792 1990 1994 o Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of Congo 2002 o Mt Merapi Indonesia 1930 2010 o Mt Kelut Indonesia 1586 1919 o Mt Etna Italy 60 eruptions wince 1600 CE last in 2012 o El Chichon Mexico 1982 o Paricutin Mexico 1952 Legendary eruptions o Lake Toba 69 000 to 77 000 years ago killed most of the o Taupo New Zealand 230 CE most violent eruption over human population 5000 years o Santorini 1650 to 1500 BCE origin of Atlantis o Yellowstone 2 1 Myr 1 3 Ma 640 000 years ago ash deposits of all the western U S Natural Disasters and Hazards 09 04 2013 Human fatalities Most frequent mega killers have been earthquakes and hurricanes Most mega killer disasters occur in a densely populated belt through Asia along Indian Ocean number of fatalities is proportional to density …
View Full Document
Unlocking...