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Spanish Exam 2 Review GuideChapter 13 Vocab:Assistant: el/la ayudanteCitizen: el/la ciudadano (a)Emigrant: el/la emigranteWriter: el/la escritor (a)Immigrant: el/la inmigrantePitcher: el/la lanzador (a)Novelist: el/la novelistaSettler: el/la poblador (a)Area: el areaCoutryside: el campoCommerce: el comercioGovernment: el gobiernoLannguage: el idiomaYouth: la juventudMerchandise/goods: la mercancíaWork: la obraPopulation: la poblaciónPolitics: la políticaSociety: la sociedadTo embrace: abrazar (se)To finish: acabarTo accept: aceptarTo act: actuarTo reach: alcanzar To kiss: besarTo tell/to count: contarTo become: convertirseTo be brought up: criarseTo cover: cubrirTo emigrate: emigrarTo escape/fee: escaparTo settle: establecerseTo found: fundarTo have: haberTo throw, to pitch: lanzarTo get along well: llevarse bienTo die: morirTo be born: nacerTo occupy: ocuparTo hate: odiar To fight: pelearTo break: romperTo greet: saludar (se)Through: a través deTo have just + past participle: acabar de + infinitivePerformance: la actuaciónPosition: el cargoSince: desdeAge: la edadAt the present time: en la actualidadTo be in love: estar enamorado (a)Fame: la famaHalf: la mitadCover (magazine): la portadaAward/prize: el premioAccording to: segúnTo be successful: tener éxito Still/yet: todavíaAlready: yaChapter 14 Vocab:Quality: la calidadCensus: el censoTrust: la confianzaBelief: la creenciaDuty: el deberDisadvantage: la desventajaDivorce: el divorcioEfficiency: la eficienciaLink: el enlaceHappiness: la felicidadWork force: la fuerza laboralHome: el hogarHonesty: la honestidadEquality: la igualdadMinistry: el ministerioNeed: la necesidadPower: el poderSeparation: la separaciónAdvantage: la ventajaData: los datosStatistic: la estadísticaSource: la fuenteMajority: la mayoríaAverage: el promedioProfile: el perfilPercentage: el porcentajeMale: el varónNeighbor: el/la vecino (a)Widow: la viudaWidower: el viudoPresent/current: actualAdult: adulto (a)Energetic: enérgico (a)Trustworthy: fiableFinancial: financieroNotable/noteworthy: notableAlone: solo (a)To announce/to tell: anunciarTo lack: carecer To get married: casarseTo consult: consultarTo continue: continuarTo divorce: divorciarseTo find: encontrarTo become independent/liberated: independizarseTo come from: procederTo complain: quejarseTo carry out: realizarTo jump: saltarThe rest/others: los demás Level: el nivelOn the other hand: por otra parteBranch (business): la sucursalAffirmative and Negative ExpressionsPositive: Negative:- Alguien (someone) Nadie (nobody)- Todo (all) Nada (nothing)- Algún, alguno (a) (some, any) Ningún, ninguno (a) (never, none)- A veces (sometimes) Nunca (never)- También (also) Tampoco (neither)- Siempre (always) Jamás (never)- O…o ni…ni- Algo (something) Nada (nothing)EX’S: Yo sé que él tiene un perro o un gato. Yo sé que él no tiene ni un perro ni un gato.*** When using alguien and nadie… always include “a” before!!!**** EX: No voy a visitor a nadie. (I am not going to visit nobody)*** When using alguno and ninguno… drop the “o” before a masculine singular noun****** In Spanish you can have many negatives in one sentence!!*** EX: él nunca dice nada a nadie. (He never says nothing to nobody)Indicative vs. Subjunctive in Adjective ClausesWhen asking or answering questions or expressing doubt use SUBJUNCTIVEEX: Necesito una persona que pueda cantar bien. (I need a person who is able to sing well--- does this person exist--doubt)When asking or answering questions not expressing doubt use INDICATIVEEX: Tengo una amiga que saca fotographias bien. (I have a friend who takes good photos—this person exists—no doubt)Examples:Yo tengo un companero de cuerto que es muy organizada. (Indicative)Yo busco un companero que sea muy organizada. (Subjunctive)Yo prefiero un companero que sea responsible pero yo tengo un companero que es perezosa. (Subjunctive then Indicative)***If your answer to a question is YES use INDICATIVE******If your answer to a question is NO use SUBJUNCTIVE***The Future Tense***Endings are the same for AR/ER and IR verbs***é emosás éisá ánTo form: 2 different ways1. Use infinitive + endingEX: Iré, seré, estaré2. Ir + a + infinitiveEX: Voy a comer Irregulars: (10) (Same irregulars as conditional tense)HaberHabréPoderPodréQuerer QuerréSaberSabréPonerPondréTenerTendréSalirSaldréVenirVendréDecirDiréHacerHaréEl Condicional “Would do something”***Endings are the same for AR/ER and IR vebs***ía íamosías íaisía ían***HayHabría (there would be)When do you use the conditional?- To express an action that is not real! - Don’t confuse conditional with the imperfectImperfect: Cuando yo era niña, comía bien todos los díasConditional: En las vacaciones, Marcos comería bien.Irregulars: (10) (Same irregulars as future tense)HaberHabréPoderPodréQuerer QuerréSaberSabréPonerPondréTenerTendréSalirSaldréVenirVendréDecirDiréHacerHaréWhat is the difference between conditional and future?Future:- The future is sure, it is not dependent on another action- It is real- Ex: I will eat tonightConditional:- Conditional is dependent on another action, it is not sure- Ex: I would eat at Red Lobster (If I had a lot of money)Reciprocal Verbs and NounsReciprocal Verbs:Pelearse (to fight)Odiarse (to hate)Llevarse bien/mal (to get along with well/bad)Hablarse (to talk)Besarse (to kiss)Abrazarse (to embrace)Casarse (to marry)Despedirse (to say goodbye)Divorciarse (to divorce)Quererse (to love)Saludarse (to greet)Reflexive Verbs:Levantarse (to get up)Bañarse (to bathe)Vestirse (to dress)Afeitarse (to shave)***Use Reflexive Verbs when its something you do to yourself, he does to himself or shedoes to herself******Use Reciprocal Verbs when its something you both do to each other or together******Use pronouns: se, nos, os***Present Perfect “I have or I haven’t”To form: Haber + Past ParticipleHeHas ado (AR)Ha + ido (ER)Hemos ido (IR)HabéisHanIrregulars: (10) (Same as past perfect)EscribirEscritoRomperRotoMorirMuertoHacerHechoPonerPuestoVerVistoVolverVueltoAbrirAbiertoCubrirCubiertoDecirDicho**With reflexive verbs… the se at the end goes before the haber part of the tense** EX: Convertirse Se ha convertidoPast Participle can also be used as an Adjective! 4 forms: 1. Feminine and singular 2. Masculine and singular 3. Feminine and Plural 4. Masculine


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PSU ECON 102 - Exam 2 Review Guide

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