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Notes• People in the original position want to maximize their primary goods which are: liberty, opportunity, wealth and socialbases of self-respect• Moderately welfare egalitarian state• Rawls offers us a theory of justice• Rawls focuses on the basic structure of the society because he believes that this will form the basis upon which societywill be formed and will permeate deeply into individuals’ lives• It’s not fair that talents should form a basis for how good individual’s lives are• We should set up our initial basic social structure behind the “veil of ignorance” in the “original position”• reflective equilibrium is used to justify the original position• In order to justify a claim or a construct is to show that it fit best with the whole range of our judgements and beliefs• The principles generated from the original position should be intuitively acceptable and if not we need to adjust the details of the original position• Two conceptions of liberty• Liberty consists of real options and real opportunities. Greater options, greater opportunity• One has liberty when no one is stopping him (This is the liberty that Rawls must mean)Open to all (column)/ To everyone’s advantage(row)Efficiency (def. structure that benefits somepeople, but makes no one worse off)Difference PrincipleFormal Equality of Opportunity Natural Liberty (Equality) Natural Aristocracy - Those who are moreadvantaged/talented are more productive. Wecan prevent them from getting too ahead bysaying that the only advantages they get to keepare those that don’t hurt the worse off.Fair Equality of Opportunity Liberal Equality - People start from moregenuinely equal starting point. People equallywilling and equally talented should have thesame opportunity to rise to the same status. Likea pure meritocracyDemocratic Equality (Rawls’ favorite) - Allows fornatural aristocracy if social relations are gearedin a way that benefit the worse off•• We should have equal access to the tools we need to develop our capabilities• Types of procedural justice• Imperfect procedural justice - System of justice that could lead to good outcomes, but also may lead to bad outcomes• Perfect procedural justice - Guaranteed to lead to a good outcome. Anti-incentivized political system, the people who set up the system of social relationsshould set it up in a way that they can not set themselves above everyone else. The case between the traditional mom and the mom who gets money forhaving children. The latter is most likely to objectify the children as a means to an when in actuality they are ends in and of themselves.• Pure procedural justice• What of injustices caused by difference in generation.• i.e. one generation using all the resources before the next. Ex. Global warming - doesn’t impact us now, will impact future generations• Rawl does not include a device to cater to generational problems because of his belief that parties in the original position will care about our immediate


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Rice PHIL 307 - Lecture notes

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