• Simmons makes the argument that serious political voluntarism forces us to accept philosophical anarchism, which is the idea that there are no morallylegitimate states, because if legitimacy of a state comes from the voluntariness of the citizens, then there is no moral obligation to volunteer• Simmons' argument for Lockean anarchist philosophy• Just because all existing governments are equally illegitimate, that does not mean they are all morally equal.• Each one may exhibit varying degrees of virtues or vices• Some governments may be more deserving of our consent, but we are not obligated to consent to them as free people• Just because most residents of existing societies are understood by the Lockean anarchist view to have no political obligations, that does not allow them todo whatever they please• All people have natural moral obligations to one another, to not harm others life, liberty, health, goods, etc.• Simmons uses the example based on the convention of driving on the right hand side of the road. Even though driving on the left hand side of the roadis naturally moral and there is no inherent thing wrong with it, driving on the correct side of the road is a convention we should follow as we have themoral duty not to put others in harms way.• Lockean anarchist view insists that many of the natural moral duties we do have will overlap with many of a societies laws.• Our obligation to comply with the law does not come from the community who is instituting those laws but rather the content of the laws themselves• Each person is born with a broad sense of self-government and possess a basic set of natural moral rights and duties.• The most familiar rights and laws imposed and enforced by governments can be divided into five categories:1. those that prohibit people from wrongly harming others2. Those that promote coordination for highly permissible acts to prevent unwanted harm to people (such as traffic laws)3. Those that prohibit private conduct that is harmless, but for other reasons is deemed wrong or unnatural• Who decides the type of conduct that is deemed wrong? Would that not partially be a matter of society and socialization4. Those that protect and aid the government or state (such as selective service)5. Those that require payments to finance the government and facilitate operations, provision of public benefits, etc. (such as taxes)• Governments are most justified in enforcing the first two• In areas 3-5, Simmons says governments often fail and wrong those whom their laws are enforced upon• No one may interfere with harmless, morally permissible activities (as in 3)• No government may force free people, against their will to enlist in the preservation of the government and defend its territories (as in 4)• Governments may not demand and seize payments to cover the cost of their operations (as in 5)• The best governments limit their violation in areas 3,4 and 5 against the people by taxing less, making military service as little as possible, etc.• "Most of us in the "free world" are in Lockean terms just persons in the state of nature (simpliciter), subjected by our governments to a variety of (usually)relatively minor, but frighteningly regular wrongful acts and policies."• We may exercise justified individual resistance against the wrong of governments, but we must weigh the importance of the right violated with the socialdamage that may be caused in defending that right.• More good than bad should come of it• However, unless the rights violated by a government be very serious, then the acts we will be morally entitled to perform will likely not be destructive enoughto disrupt the function of the government• Lockean anarchist philosophy is only philosophically anarchic, not practically anarchic• Changes that would clarify what the terms of the social contract to a government and promote choice amongst individuals while tearing down restraints on freewill, such as clarification of a resident's situation, easier membership. easier internal and external immigration laws, etc. would all go towards makingmembership more informed and and fully voluntary.• We owe it to ourselves to selectively obey the government's laws on which rules are morally justified and which one's are