1 25 12 Wednesday January 25 2012 1 59 PM What is Europe NYT Article European commission in Brussels vs A Rules regulations etc to all countries Not elected not democratically run B Russia and the cold war a b a b c Before WWII Europe included Soviet Union baltics indi countries Cold war ended up excluding Soviet Union east vs west europe Reprecussions i ii This is why lots of eastern countries want to join EU to distance from communism US form alliance with western europe with NAFTA d What s the place of Russia Religion Mostly Catholic Up till 1500 Europe was entirely Roman Catholic A B a Jews i ii Expelled from Britain and Spain Moved Northward and Eastward 1 Germany Russia North Africa iii Only people that were really different C Martin Luther in 1500 wrote as Catholic to fix it a So prolific in writings critical of catholic church i Indulgences salvation through good works b c d Believed that faith is everything Excommunicated Two reasons that he had success i Printing press 1 Fast and wrote in the vernacular German ii Politics involved No great German state 300 separate German principalities Princes ruled each state no power to stand up to Pope Princes protected Martin Luther and adopted protestants e Europe is now not a religious monopoly i Consequences Warfare between Catholics and protestants More independence for states as Pope was like a King Competition in Religions leads to increased free thinking explosion of inquiry Different languages got to be standardized different dialects of German 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 A States and Politics 1700 a b c d Austrian empire Both vanish by WWI No Germany until 1871 Disproportionate size of country to power i ii Poland and Lithuania big but no power Austrian power is very decentralized 30 different linguistic and ethnic groups iii 1 Spain 1 Shadow of its former self Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 1 1 2 3 Shadow of its former self 15 1600s big power but not by 1700 Lazy noblemen no entrepreneurship iv Ottoman Empire is huge Huge land size But decentralized because its power was spread thin 1 2 v France was only powerful country in Europe 1 2 3 King had subdued nobles get to tax Centralized power Colonies a Haiti sugar for lots of Terrible slavery Almost unlimited demand for sugar 1660 70 one million a quarter of French people made living off of sugar i ii b No indigenous population left i ii iii From 1600 1700 3 4 of indigenous people in Caribbean areas died Colombian exchange disease bugs microbes etc to new world Africans have biological immunity to disease so good slaves Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 2 1 30 12 Monday January 30 2012 4 57 PM Paper Compare and contrast Hobbes and Bossuet how they understand political power 2 pages single spaced emailed to him Due friday Absolutism The Old Regime before French revolution States and Politics in Europe 1600 1700 s Characteristics A A Large scale centralizing states A B Medieval was religious unity political fragmentation This period could be characterized as opposite B Political philosophy B Jacques Bossuet a b Tutored Louis XIV son In the process wrote Political Treatise C Political Treatise Divine right a i ii Rules absolutely but not arbitrarily Source of power comes from God Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 3 2 1 12 Wednesday February 01 2012 4 52 PM Hobbes How to set up a government in a world that is not governed by God First modern philosopher to grapple with this idea Authority did not come from God Absolutism 16th 17th century French Kings Louis the 14th A a b c d Vain Limited power due to debt Holy Roman Empire was the other big power Money i Taxes 1 2 Taxed the poor people No domestic revenue service No military to enforce Slow communication Delegated to bankers to tax people a b c i Flat rate plus how much the banks can get 3 Did not tax noblemen to keep their allegiance ii Because of poor taxes led to lots of loans e Sold positions in offices Alienated key elements of his own government Created new noblemen i ii Wars i f Territories 1 For standing resources ii iii iv v vi For religion Had to hire all your soldiers Very expensive Brutal and terrible time for all people a third to a fourth of all civilians died Drained a lot of resources g Peasants i ii iii 80 85 of population Illiterate uneducated but not restricted to pursue their own A measure of power to sway King or noblemen by taxes B Hapsberg Emperors wanted to emulate the French Kings a b Led to the many religious wars since some people were protestants and catholic Sent in Jesuits to educate i ii iii Create Catholic orthodoxy Force in education Trained scholars who are skilled in the liberal arts C The Revocation of Edits of Nantes 1685 By Louis 14 Prohibited Protestant practice i Everyone Left Wanted religious uniformity D Russian Czar a b c a b Wanted to enforce rulership in a wide radius but failed because Russia is huge In practice not very absolutism Holland and England Constitutional Form of Government While Absolutism had strict limits trans comms to raise taxes Political limits put on the King Holland the Dutch Won independence from Spain after the Thirty Years War 1618 48 Maintained a Federation rather than centralize a b Led to a lot of innovation First to figure out modern agriculture A B Western civil rise of modern europe lectures Page 4 Division by Religion Poor Northerners supporting Church Wealthy gentry who opposed king b First to figure out modern agriculture C Became prosperous D England James the 1st successor to Queen Elizabeth 1609 made an absolutism statement a i Kings are Gods b British Parliament i ii Able to approve taxation Did not approve of James absolutism E F People became more educated Henry converts England to Protestants G 1625 King Charles a b a b Yet England still seemed Catholic in its practices since Henry just did this to divorce his wife Puritans wanted a purer Protestantism away from Catholicism So much strife between King and Parliament that he dissolved Parliament in 1665 Introduced a time of great strife i ii People went to USA etc People battled the King to open things up c 1640 led to open civil war over religion and politics i ii iii King Charles tried to impose on Scotland the rules of the British high church Scots send invasion army to England King Charles had to open up Parliament because he needed for war 1 Parliament demands for taxes a b c d Religion Approve taxation Foreign Affairs Call into session regularly 1 Led