Exam 2 Key Terms Conflict Power Leadership Competing Collaborating Compromising Accommodating Cohesiveness Results from incompatible activities To be in a conflict means that at least two interdependent parties capable of invoking sanctions oppose to each other The influence of one person over another and the ability to get things done or to find needed resources As a process how a person uses positive influence to direct and coordinate the activities of group members toward goal accomplishment As a property the set of qualities or characteristics attributed to the person who holds the primary role The relational skill of counteracting cognitive affiliative and egocentric constraints present in decision making Avoiding Group members chose this strategy to try and sidestep the conflict by changing the topic or Is nonconfrontive shifting the focus to other issues Distributive strategy emphasizes your own triumph at the other persons expense you take from the conflict but give very little helps a group achieve a win win outcome an outcome with which everyone can agree because info Sharing and collaboration are promoted Collaboration is an integrative conflict mgmt strategy Intermediate strategy between cooperativeness and assertiveness You have given up something but you are still holding out for something better Distributive strategy in which you give everything and take very little from the conflict Focus on trying to satisfy the others concerns rather than your own The degree to which members desire to remain in the group Cohesiveness is built around Interpersonal attraction to other members Attraction to task Coordination of effort Member motivation to work Climate Affective Conflict Substantive Conflict Competitive Conflict Cooperative Conflict Cognitive Conflict Procedural Conflict Normative Conflict Information Bias Satisfaction Descriptive Feedback Prescriptive Feedback Interaction Diagram The relational skill of helping group members become comfortable with one another and feel valued in decision making Based on social or relational issues Rooted in interpersonal relationships emotions or personalities A type of conflict rooted in issues or ideas or in some aspect of the groups task Polarizations one side winning with the other side losing Type of disagreement that actually helps move the group along with its task or activities Type of conflict involving disagreement over interpretations or analyses of info or data aka judgment conflict Occurs when procedures or group process are not discussed beforehand or when the group encounters a situation for which there is no precedent Conflicts about how the group should proceed Occurs when one party has expectations about and evaluates another party s behavior Info used in decision making that is biased toward one alternative the group is discussing or that favors some group members over others The degree to which a group member feels fulfilled or gratified based upon experiences in the group Feedback that identifies or describes how a group member communicates Info that provides group members with advice about how they should act or communicate A diagram identifying which group members talk to other group members and how frequently 1 Cognitive constraints 2 Affiliative constraints constraints on decision making based on difficulties or inadequacies in Leadership Styles group members abilities to process info Occur when info or time is limited of the group fearing that relationships will deteriorate some group members will exert undue influence on other group members control over the group or its activities or on a group members personal or hidden agenda constraint to decision making based on the relationship among members constraints to decision making based on a group members high need for 3 Egocentric constraints Transformational Leadership A type of leadership based on the premise that the leader sets an example for group member to follow Uses rhetorical skills to build a vision that members can identify with and use as a guiding force toward goal completion Types of Communication Climate communication climate atmosphere group members create results from group members use of verbal and nonverbal communication and their listening skills 1 Defensive climate negative environment 2 Supportive climate positive environment Groups communication climate 6 categories a Evaluation versus description Evaluation occurs when group members use evaluative language that criticizes the other person Description occurs when a group member describes the idea in terms of its weakness and strengths b Control versus problem orientation Control causes a defensive reaction because implicit in controlling is the assumption that controllers know what is best for those whom they are attempting to control Problem group member practicing problem orientation strives for answers and solutions that will benefit all group members and satisfy groups objective c Strategy versus spontaneity Strategy denotes manipulation of others Is apparent when a group member places him or herself above the group or its task Spontaneity group member who acts spontaneously is open and honest with other group members Known for his or her immediacy in the group and willingness to deal with issues d Neutrality versus empathy Neutrality is expressed when group members react in a detached or unemotional way Empathy means that group members express genuine concern and are helpful if their help is requested e Superiority versus equality Superiority defensive communication climate when a group member continually reinforces his or her superiority over others Ex name dropping Equality groups are more likely to create supportive communication climates when equality is stressed f Certainty versus provisionalism Certainty it triggers a chain reaction causing other group members to respond with certainty in hopes of proving the other group member wrong Ex when a group member cuts off another person when answering a question Provisionalism more effective alternative this state is one of flexibility and commitment to solving the group s problems They want to hear all of the ideas so they can make better choices 1 Program evaluation and review technique a decision technique that helps group members order activities that must be completed to implement a decision PERT Trust Decision Making Procedures 1 Standard agenda 2 Brainstorming 3 Nominal group technique ngt 4 Consensus 5 Voting 6 Ranking A