Final study guide forMUA 1930: Music,society, and cultureModern period 1910-present:The modern period was not homogeneas/ not one styleMusic in the 20th century was eclecticIn the modern period they had composers who followed the past (conservative) andAvant- Garde composersOnly 2 Conservative composers-remain popular by writing in previous generations- Puccini- he was from Italy and he wrote la boheme- Rachmaninov- he was from RussiaThe rest of the composers are Avant-Garde but spilt up by the countryAvant Garde – France Composers- DeBussy-he disliked the German’s- Satie- his music is not dramatic(simple), influenced by surrealists- Ravel- first classical compser who used Jazz music in his worksAvant Garde- Russian Composers- Stravinsky- he composed “1913 in paris” he also wrote the ballet “Rite of spring”, he went from writing harsh music to neo-classic( music in the form of composers like Beethoven, Mozart)Avant Garde- German Composers- SchonBerg- he wrote piece’s that had all 12 pitches included, he wrote in serialism- WebernAvant Garde- U.S.A Composers- John Cage- he felt that music may sound random but it is not. He said the only music that is random is chance music. He also did not believe in music he believed in sound. Instead of using a piano he would use the table to make sound. He also had a compostion named water music and 4:33.Painters- Picasso- was the inventor of cubism- Monet- Degas - Cezanne- Renoir- Van Gogn Rite of Spring- the rite of spring is a ballet written by Stravinsky and Nijinsky- it opened a new path in music- Nijinsky was a ballet instructorDefinitions- Atonal-has no scale, no key center- Serialism- writing a piece of music that has all 12 pitches included, you can’t repeat a pitch until all 12 has been used.- Chance music- someone would give you notes and tell you do what you want with them. The notes they give you is called a score.Minimalism- It’s simple, minimum amount of notes or instruments usedPeople who followed Minimalism- Philip Glass- Steve Reich- John Adams- he wrote the chairman dancesJazz- Originated in the south: New Orleans- Jazz was mostly by African Americans- Syncopation=swing- playing between beats- Improvisation- foundation of jazz- Has a unique way of playing instruments EX: they played the double bass bysnapping the strings with their fingers, known as Pizzicato- Scat- you copy an instrument’s sound with their voice- The piano is used as a percussion instrumentStandard- It has 32 bars- Its broken down in 4 groups of 8 bars- 8+8+8+8=32- A+A+b+A- When you play it in a combo everyone plays the standard after one instrument plays it and then any other instrument that takes its turn then aftereveryone has played everyone plays one last standard at the end.Early influences- Ragtime-its piano music, begin towards the end of the 19th century. Only type of music that features syncopation. Scott Joplin was a famous Ragtime composer- Blues- they were working songs, such as slave songs. Its simple music. Has 12 bars of music, it responds to three lines of poetry such as A,A,B. Ma Rainey was the mother of the blues. Bessie Smith most popular blue singer.- Spirituals(Gospel)- French music-new Orleans was a French colony- Spanish music –Créole(Caribbean’s)- Minstrel shows- shows that combined skits and songs; it was very racist, they had white actors playing black rolls with their face painted black- Marching bandsBegin to be commercialized- Dixieland- Big bands- lost the appeal- Bebop- caused jazz to become