DrugsSubstances that have psychological or physical effectsNarcoticsDrugs that are considered illegal todayDrug useAct of internally processing chemical substances other than food that have physical effectsDrug abuseUse of drugs despite adverse consequencesAddictionChronic condition that can include both a psychological and or physical compulsion towards drug seeking and use.may recognize consequences, but continue to useTypes of Drugsstimulants- type of drug that excites the body+stimulates the braincaffeinetobaccococainedepressants- type of drug that slows the activity of vital organs in the body to create a relaxed, sleepy feeling.AlcoholCodineMuscle relaxersInhalentsHeroinMarijuanaHallucinogens- type of drug that distorts the senses and creates hallucinationsLSDPCPSHROOMSAcidAge w/ most drug use18-25last month; 20% drug use<26, 16%>26, 42%since 2000, teen drug use has declinedBy raceLowest: AsiansHispanicsWhitesIndiansBlacksMixed racesIncomeYounger ages-negligable difference incomeOlder: drug use <income than non drug users.Reasons for drug useBiological predisposition to addictionSocialization  those who use drugs are friends w/ others who use drugs.Peers influence you“selection effect”- seek others like yourselfMedicalization  process by which we expand the use of medical terms and solutions to nonmedical problemsSymbolic interactionismhow does society define a “drug”?what impacts our viewpoints?Functionalismdrugs have positive and negative potentialretreatism- the response of a person who has given up on trying to achieve the goals of society b/c he or she believes those goals have no meritConflict Theoryinequalities in booking, sentencingrace/class dividesblacks arrested for drugs at 2.5x to 5.5x the rate of whitesGender: behavioral, cultural, and psychological traits associated with being male or femaleSex: biological makeup of males or females, especially in regard to their reproductive organs and physical structuresGender identity: our perception of ourselves as male or femaleTransgender: individual whose identity crosses over or challenges their society’s traditional roles or expressionsSexual orientationAn enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women or both sexesThose who have emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to…Members of the opposite sex: heterosexualMembers of their own sex: homosexualBoth men and women: bisexualReproduction and birth controlAbortion: termination and removal of a fetus from a woman’s uterus before birthRoe v. wadeProstitutionthe unlawful promotion of or participation in sexual activities for profitincludes solicitation of customers and transport of persons for prostitution, or operating an establishment where prostitution is performedBecoming a prostituteDrift: change from casual sex to the first incident of exchanging sex for moneyTransition: approx. 6 month period in which try to rationalize their behavior as normalProfessionalization: point at which women identify themselves as prostitutesSex tourism: act of people from wealthy nations traveling to less developed countries for sexual acts that may or may not be illegal in their home countryObjectification: treating a person as a thing or object, w/o concern for his or her personal characteristicsCommodification: transformation of relationships that were formerly unrelated to commerce into economic relationships built on buying and selling.Human trafficking: being bought and sold to perform services against your willPornographySomething that appeals to a lust oriented interest in sex, is in opposition to accepted community standards, and has no redeeming social valueResulting social problemsAggression towards women?Correlation w/ increased rapes?Evidence is NOT conclusiveTheoretical ApproachesQueer theoryBody of theory and research that seeks to neutralize the heterosexual bias in the USTurn to historical literature to point out that sexuality is constantly changing over timeConflict TheoryHeterosexual as the dominant group in society, others are “abnormal”Men can dominate women sexually, maintain control in societyFunctionalismSexuality unifies people when they coupleProcreation, social unificationSymbolic interactionismWhat is the meaning of sexuality?How do we choose to label ourselves sexually?RaceSocially constructed division of people based on certain physical characteristics (NOT biological)Externally defined/involuntaryEx) native American, caucasianEthnicityClassification of people who use a common, linguistic, or ancestral heritageVoluntary/self-definedEx) german, irish, American, italianMajority Group: group that has the largest population in society and holdsSignificant power and privilegeMinority Group: any group that has a smaller population and less power than the majority group.Racism: prejudice that asserts one race is inferior to another thus making them less worthy of fair treatmentPrejudice: rigid generalizations, often negative, about an entire category of peopleStereotypes: simplified and extreme perceptions of an entire group of people that are usually based on false assumptionsDiscrimination: deliberate and unfair treatment of people based on prejudiceInstitutionalized discrimination: maintains the advantage for the dominant group, while providing the appearance of fairness to allScapegoat: making an unfair accusation against a person or group as the cause of a problemWhite privilege: perceived set of societal privileges that while people benefit from beyond those commonly experience by people of colorImmigrationVoluntary immigration: willing movement of people from one society to anotherInvoluntary: forced movement of people from one society to anotherLabor immigrants: those who migrate to a new country because they are seeking workProfessional immigrants: those who migrate to a new country b/c they posses some skill or professionEntrepenurial: those who migrate to a new country b/c they seek to own their own businessRefugees: those who migrate b/c they’re seeking safety and freedomEthnocentrism: judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own cultureMulticulturalism: concept that supports the inherent of different cultures within societyAssimilation: process by which minority groups adopt the patterns of the dominant cultureRapid assimilation: when a minority group completely abandons its previous culture in favor of a new oneSegmented assimilation: idea that there is