Foundations of Biology 2 Spring 2012 Exam 2 Select the single best answer for each question Turn in your Accuscan answer card keep your exam book Answers will be posted to courseweb within 24 hrs 1 You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to 1 science and have not been described Your assignment is to separate them into species There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected Which species concept will you have to use a ecological b biological c morphological d phylogenetic 2 Based on the Trials of Life clip you saw how would you classify right whale mating 2 a male male competition followed by female choice b Strict male male aggression c male male competition encouraged by female behavior d Strict female choice e A balanced combination of female choice and male male competition 3 Suppose 64 of a remote mountain village can taste phenylthiocarbamide PTC and must 3 therefore have at least one copy of the dominant PTC taster allele If this population conforms to Hardy Weinberg expectations for this gene what percentage of the population must be heterozygous for this trait Potentially Useful Math Facts 64 36 100 Squares and square roots 0 4 x 0 4 0 16 0 40 0 69 x 0 69 0 48 0 77 x 0 77 0 60 0 56 x 0 56 0 32 0 8 x 0 8 0 64 0 6 x 0 6 0 36 0 63 x 0 63 a 32 2 x 0 8 x 0 2 0 32 b 60 1 0 4 0 6 c 16 2 x 0 8 0 16 d 48 2 x 0 4 x 0 6 0 48 e 40 1 0 6 0 40 4 Which of the following is the most predictable outcome of increased gene ow between two 4 populations a decreased genetic difference between the two populations b increased genetic drift c lower average tness in both populations d higher average tness in both populations e increased genetic difference between the two populations A 1 A white B Blue C pink D yellow 5 The gure above shows the data from the clover case study Based on what you learned which of the following best describes the type s of clover you would see in a new region that had winters like North Carolina but no mollusks or other herbivores 5 a There would be a mostly plain clover due to the loss of the cyanide and stripe alleles from the population due to directional selection b There would be mostly plain clover due to the absence of herbivory and the cost of cyanide production c There would be mostly plain clover and some striped cyanide free clover due to the absence of herbivory the cost of cyanide production and genetic drift of the striped allele d There would be an equal ratio or striped and plain clover due to the absence of selective pressure of prolonged below freezing temperatures e There would be an equal ratio of striped and plain clover in the absence of the selective pressure of herbivory A 2 A white B Blue C pink D yellow Use Figure 26 1 to answer the following questions 6 A common ancestor for both species C and E could be at position number Figure 26 1 a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e 5 7 In a hypothetical situation the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium If this bacterium performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid then the result should be a a clone of daughter cells possessing the same plasmid b that this bacterium will subsequently lose tetracycline resistance c that this bacterium will temporarily possess a completely diploid genome d the rapid spread of tetracycline resistance to other bacteria in that habitat 8 When people die from HIV infections it is usually because a they have too many T cells and this overwhelms their immune systems b they have too few T cells to adequately ght infection c they have too many HIV particles in their lymphatic system which causes it to shut down d the body diverts too much energy toward replenishing lost T cells e the virions virus particles destroy the host cells as the number of virions increases the host loses too many cells to survive 6 7 8 A 3 A white B Blue C pink D yellow 9 The rule of parsimony states that 9 a the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts is the one you should use for your hypothesis b allopatric speciation requires at least ten generations to be xed in the gene pool c animals engaging in reproductive behavior will increase their metabolic ef ciency to maximize their energy budgets d organisms that share a common ancestor must all possess the same key traits e every phylogenetic tree must have at least two branches but no more than four branches 10 An earthquake decimates a ground squirrel population The surviving population happens to 10 have broader stripes on average than the initial population If broadness of stripes is genetically determined what effect has the ground squirrel population experienced during the earthquake a a genetic bottleneck b a founder event c gene ow d disruptive selection e directional selection A 4 A white B Blue C pink D yellow In the paper by Franks Sim and Weis 2007 Rapid evolution of owering time by an annual plant response to a climate uctuation the scientists selected pre drought seeds from marshlands and drier areas and post drought seeds from the same two regions They also generated hybrids of the pre and post drought seeds from each location All of the seeds were then raised in a laboratory and the time until owering was measured The results are shown below 11 Why was it important to include hybrid organisms in the owering tests shown above 11 a To ensure the study was as comprehensive as possible b To ensure that the change in owering time was not due to conditions other than water availability c To ensure the change in owering time was an inherited trait d To test the hypothesis that plants from the dry microclimate would not change their owering times as drastically as plants from the wet microclimate 12 How can a virus cause cancer 12 a It takes control of the cell cycle and inactivates tumor suppressor proteins but doesn t necessarily destroy the host cell b It takes control of the cell cycle and inactivates tumor suppressor proteins and protects the host cell from attack by the immune system c It goes into a lysogenic phase and in doing so interferes with cell cycle checkpoints d It destroys the antibody production capabilities of B cells much like HIV does and thus renders the patient vulnerable to infection A 5 A white B Blue C pink D yellow 13 What additional experimental group if any should the researchers have used in the study 13 shown …
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