Health Psych lecture 3 Psychophysiology how to understand interactions between mind and body I A History Ancient Greece Hippocrates and Ancient Rome Galen 1 Four bodily humors a Blood sanguine Cheerful happy passion 1 Black bile melancholy Depressive sad 1 c Yellow bile choler Hostile angry bitter 1 Phlegm apathy 1 No sympathy more laid bad b d 2 Higher levels of certain bodily fluids attributed to personality a Diseases 3 Treatment balancing levels Middle ages Roman Catholic church dominated 1 Away from biology belief that evil spirits demons cause illness 2 Church forbade scientific research because human body is sacred a Sac religious B C Descartes Dualism 1600s 1 Mind body Cartesian dualism 2 Spirits in mind separation between mind and body allowed scientific research a Good because it started research b Bad because it didn t allow links between mental and physiological being 1 Eastern fixations yoga link between mind and body 3 Darwin s theory of evolution a DOES link mind body b Because environment impacts adaptations D Homeostasis 1 Claude Bernard a Internal environment mileur interne 1 All living things must maintain a constant or balanced internal environ ment b Homeostasis 1 Maintaining equilibrium through adjustments in physiological processes a Hormones tell us we re full don t eat anymore 2 Allostatic load McEwen and Stellar 1993 a Maintaining homeostasis causes wear and tear on the body Has ability to work towards equilibrium PRIOR to change b 1 Blood pressure lowers before we go to bed and increases before we go up c When people are exposed to chronic stress fight or flight activation lessens 1 Attributes to health issues Hitting gas and break petals too much causes problems to car a Psychoanalysis E 1 FREUD a Cured hysterical paralysis using hypnosis b c Mind affects physiological health Using psychological mechanism to reveal subconscious 2 ALEXANDER a Diseases caused by unconscious emotional conflicts Those who suffered with oral stage likely to develop ulcers Those who suffered with separation anxiety likely to develop asthma 1 2 Contributed to links between mind body b F Life stress 1 Adolf Meyer stressful life events can be pathogenic 2 Observations a Stress for anything that requires change adjustment Doesn t need to be negative Attributed to disease Emotions have impact on bodily functions 1 2 3 Aggressive ambitious men 1 Likely to develop heart disease b II A Relation between Biology and Psychology Walter Cannon 1 Fight or flight stress response a Stress hormones elevated 1 2 3 4 Blood flow increases Heart rate increases Digestion slows Muscles tense B C 2 Found that emotional state alters digestive properties Autonomic Nervous System 1 Manages internal organs without conscious control 2 Two parts a Sympathetic mobilizes body to react to environmental stressor arousing b Parasympathetic restores body after stressor calming 3 Chronic stress too much work for Autonomic Nervous System Endocrine System 1 Regulatory system that secretes hormones 2 Hypothalamus regulates metabolism and hormones a Pituitary gland master gland 1 Secretes hormones that directly influence other endocrine organs 3 Stress inhibition of secretion of growth reproductive hormones a Women who experience chronic stress inhibits menstrual cycle b Babies who are given insufficient love stop growing 4 Sympathetic nervous system arousal a Sympathetic adrenal medullary SAM system activated Adrenal medulla near kidney releases epinephrine and norepi 1 2 nephrine Function to enable fight or flight activates organs b Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA system activated 1 Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoid hormones including corti sol 2 5 Immune System Function fight inflammation a Protects bodily tissues from invading microbes b Psychoneuroimmunology study of how psychological factors affect im munity through neuroendocrine system c Prolonged stress suppression of immune functioning 6 D III