Respiratory System Study Guide takes in and expels air supplies body with oxygen expels carbon dioxide Functions Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide speech and vocalization sense of smell controls pH angiotensin II generation flow of lymph and venous blood valsalva maneuver Divisions of Respiratory System Conducting zone is a passageway for air it warms humidifies and cleanses includes the nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchioles Respiratory Zone is the actual site of gas exchange includes the respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts and alveoli General Anatomy Nose functions to warm cleanse and humidify air detects odor amplifies voice Anterior naris are the nostrils Nasal cavity is the internal chamber of the nose divided into left and right halves Pharynx muscular funnel from nasal cavity to larynx Divisions Nasopharynx responds to airborne pathogens Oropharynx palatine and lingual tonsils Laryngopharynx Larynx aka voice box keeps food and drink out of airway also sound production epiglottis flap of tissue that flaps during swallowing to direct food into esophagus and away from airway cartilage forms the framework of the larynx Vestibular folds play no role in speech but close the larynx during swallowing Vocal cords produce sound when air passes between them Glottis vocal cords and the opening between them Trachea Windpipe that is supported by C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage Trachealis muscles control the airflow by contracting relaxing Micro Anatomy Inner layer made up of pseudostratified columnar epithelium composed of goblet cells mucus secreting gland cell and ciliated cells mucociliary escalator is the mechanism of debris removal Connective tissue contains lymphatic nodules mucus serous glands tracheal cartilage Lungs contain a costal surface that is pressed against the ribs and a mediastinal surface which faces medially mediastinal surface has a helium slit through which lung receives materials and a cardiac impression indentation where heart presses against lungs Has lobes right side has 3 lobes and left side has 2 lobes Bronchial Tree Primary bronchi Alveoli Pleurae