ART HISTORYImages:Woman of Willendorf, Ochre and Limestone, c. 25,000 bce(the book says 24,000 bce. that is fine too).Bison, Ceiling of Altamira, Spain, 12,000 bceStonehenge, England, 3000 - 1500 bceStele of Hammurabi, 1792 bceZiggurat at Ur, 2100 bcePalette of Narmer, 2900, bceStep Pyramid of Zoser, 2600 bceKa Statue of Khafre, 2500 bceAkhenaten and his Family, painted limestone relief 1350 bceFunerary Krater, 750 bceKallikrates and Iktinos, Parthenon, 447-432 bce. (know all the views of it from the book as well as the views shown in lecture)Polykleitos, Doryphoros, 450 bce.Prarxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos, 350 bceReclining Couple on Sarcophagus, 520 bceWall Painting, Villa of the Mysteries, 60 bcColosseum, 80 ceColumn of Trajan, 113 ceAugustus of Prima Porta, 1st cent. ceEquestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, 176 ceWall with Torah Niche, Dura Europos, 245 ceArch of Constantine, 313 ceStupa at Sanchi, 300 bceBuddha with Attendants (figure 4-7 in the book), 200 bceTomb soldiers of the Mausoleum of Emperor of Qin (Shihuangdi), 200 bceIcon of Virgin with attendant saints, 600 ceSan Vitale (structure and all affiliated imagery in the book) 540 ceDome of the Rock, 690 ceAlhambra, 1360 ceTERMS:Ochre: naturally occurring pigment iron, easy to pick up, rich that you can grind up easily, Willendorf is made of thisPaleolithic: old stone age, nomadic to find food source no agriculture or architectureNeolithic: new stone age, 7000 BCE, development of good agriculture, staying in one place, understanding seasons, planting, more buildings, domesticated animals Sympathetic Magic: making pictures of animals gives you power over them, helps you hunt them. Problem with this is that some animals that are representedare not eaten like jelly fish. Therefore this is not universally explanatory.Register: horizontal band on a surface, that is stacked above or below other horizontal bands, top middle bottom register. They are very typical in ancient sculpturesVotive Statue: Object that stands in a place for u to do your worshipping for you,famous sets, standing for a rich person Lapis Lazuli: deep blue semi-precious stone, known for its color, used on the beard of the bull (Sumerian Lyre), and on the tip of the bulls horns and hairCuneiform: wedge, formed/shaped, clay tablets used for writing Cylinder Seal: a small round cylinder, typically about one inch in length, engraved with written characters or figurative scenes or both, used in ancient times to roll an impression onto a two-dimensional surface, tomb of queen PuabiHieratic Scale: the use of different size for significant or holy figures and those of the everyday world to indicate importance; the larger the figure, the greater theimportanceRecto/Verso: recto- front of a flat object, verso- back of a flat objectRelief sculpture: sculpture on 2 dimension- shallowly carvedKa Statue: made to be one of the containers of the soul of the Pharaoh upon death. Ka is a soul, which will visit and live in sculpture. Keeps an eye on whose coming to give offerings/ foodMimetic imagery: image reacted as if it were the real thingFresco: technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster, water is used as the pigment and with the plaster the painting becomes an integral part of the wall – marble statues in LithuanaArchaic Smile: suggest that their subject was alive, with a sense of well-being. Habituated realism the smile is flat and unnatural looking although itcould be seen as a movement towards naturalism. Ex: Kroisos Kouros. Curved lips of an ancient Greek statue from the period c. 600-480 bce usually interpreted as a way of animating facial features. Contrapposto: describes a human figure with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. Figure shows a relaxed appearance. Known is counterpose.Doric Order (metope / triglyph): one of the three orgnanizational systemsof ancient greek other two were ionic and Corinthian. Triglyphs are decoratively grooved with 3 vertical grooves and represent original woodenend-beams, organizes rainwater runoff from above. Metope often have painted or sculptural decoration ex: centaurs and lapiths Inoic Order (volutes): forms one of the order of the three organizational systems of classical architecture. They are characterized by volutes which is a spiral scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the order, it is found in the capital of the ionic column. Frieze: the wide central section and may be plain in the ionic or doric orderor can be decorated with bas-reliefs. Can be found on many Greek and Roman buildings ex: Parthenon Frieze. In interiors frieze of the room is section of wall above the picture rail and is sculpted/decoration in such a position above eye-level. Pediment: an element in (neo)classical architecture consisting of a gable,in triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure typically supported by columns. Peristyle: in Hellenistic Greek and Roman architecture it is a columned porch or open colonnade in a building surrounding a court that may containan internal garden. Cult Statue: sorts of materials they were made of included ivory for the deities exposed flesh, gold and perhaps glass for their drapery suggest thecostliness of these proudctions. Displayed on a raised base located at the rear of the temples principal room or cella. Faced east= mecca. They were bathed, clothed, and fed on special occasions. Basilica (nave / apse): a large rectangular building. Often built with a clerestory, side aisles separated from the center nave by colonnades and an apse at one or both ends. Roman centers for admiration, later adapted to Chrisitan church use. Nave- the central aisle of a basilica, two or three stories high, flanked by aisles, and defined by the nave arcade or nave colonnade. Apse- a large semicircular nice protruding from the end wall ofa building in a church it contains the atlar. Pompeii: an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples and this along with Herculaneum and many villas were destroyed and buried under 4-6 mof ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.Atrium: a large open space within a building Etruscan: modern name given to a civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding to Tuscany. Had unique language until its assimilation into the Roman Republic in the late 4th century BC.Arch: in architecture, a curved structural element that spans an open space. Built from wedge-shaped