Fluid Balance Fluid Compartments Intracellular Fluid Compartments Intracellular Extracellular Composition Water Anatomy Joke of the Day Composition Water Nonelectrolytes things that do not dissociate in water mostly organic like glucose of lipids don t become charged since they don t dissociate Composition Water Nonelectrolytes Electrolytes do dissociate like organic salts proteins acids and bases form charged particles which can create a gradient that will allow water to move dissociation increases number of electrolytes Composition of Electrolytes Fluid Movement function of 2 forces osmosis uses conc gradients and hydrostatic pressure uses force Between plasma and interstitial fluid Between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid cell has semi permeable membrane Water Balance Water intake Ingestion Metabolic water Water output Vaporization Perspiration Elimination lost with defecation Urination Regulation Mechanisms Increase in plasma osmolality or decrease in blood volume promotes thirst Decrease in extracellular fluid osmolality decreases ADH production Large decreases in blood pressure increase ADH production Electrolyte Balance Electrolyte intake Ingestion Metabolic production Electrolyte output Perspiration Elimination Urination Sodium Sodium Regulation changes in reabsorption linked to BP which is linked to blood vol 90 absorbed naturally Aldosterone Cardiovascular baroreceptors Atrial natriuretic peptide Estrogen Progesterone Glucocorticoids Acid Base Balance Sources of H acids Dietary most of what we eat is acidic Metabolic Abnormalities Acidosis pH si shifted too low if decrease gaseous exchange that will allow accumulation of CO2 in body which will shift towards acidic Alkalosis pH is shifted too high increase gaseous exchange will promote alkalosis Regulation Chemical buffer systems function as proton donors or acceptors that will provide buffer Regulation Chemical buffer systems Physiological buffer systems eliminate excess acid or base slower than chemical but they have double the buffering power of chemical change in resp exchange Regulation Chemical buffer Physiological buffer systems systems Renal mechanisms chemicals bind temporarily and physiological get rid of it and renal works with everything else but CO2 Chemical Buffer Systems Bicarbonate imp in extracellular fluid Chemical Buffer Systems Bicarbonate Phosphate imp in intracellular fluid and in production of urine Chemical Buffer Systems Bicarbonate Phosphate Protein Amphoteric molecules can function as either acid or base imp proteins are hemoglobin Physiological Buffer Systems Respiratory mechanisms breathing as increase in blood pH resp slows down as resp slows CO2 increases in blood Renal Mechanisms Reabsorbing or synthesize bicarbonate tubule cells are impermeable to bicarbonate ions but they will allow CO2 to pass Renal Mechanisms Reabsorbing bicarbonate Bicarbonate systhesis kidneys make new bicarbonates Renal Mechanisms Reabsorbing bicarbonate Bicarbonate systhesis Bicarbonate excretion change permeability in collecting ducts to allow secretion of bicarbonate Anatomy Joke of the Day
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