Please PRINT your name BSCI 440 Summer 2009 Exam 2 Bill Julian DIRECTIONS 1 Print your name on all pages of this exam Be sure you have all 7 pages 2 You must confine your answers to the spaces provided 3 Please use a pen if you wish the right to discuss the grading with Bill in the future 4 Take a deep breath relax and do well SCOREBOARD Question 1 25 points Question 6 20 points Question 2 20 points Question 7 28 points Question 3 20 points Question 8 30 points Question 4 12 points Question 9 25 points Question 5 20 points TOTAL 200 points 1 Part a Please DRAW the signal transduction pathway or mechanism responsible for the effects of the sympathetic cardiac nerve s action on the Sino Atrial node of your heart Include signal molecule receptor etc 1 Please PRINT your name 1 Now draw the membrane potential and two successive action potentials of a 1 Part b cell of the SA Node at a normal resting heart rate 2 Indicate and label the opening no need to mark the closing of each type of ion channel responsible for the AP 3 Finally draw super imposed on the first two APs you drew the Vm and AP of the same cell after the action of the sympathetic nerve Vm a b c d e f g h i Time 2 Please fill in the blanks with the correct one or two words The stimulus for the release of EPO is low O2 in kidneys Liver disease results in an increase in plasma free bilirubin List two functions of neutrophils phagocytosis An increase in plasma osmotic pressure results in tissue dehydration Elevated venous BP results in tissue edema An increase in extracellular K would cause Vm to increase According Starling s Law an increase in EDV results in an increase in SV Rh factor is a problem because the antibody is immunoglobulin type The Fight or Flight response increases the P50 value of Hb by IgG increase p50 2 Please PRINT your name After sitting through another of Higgins s boring 440 lectures you quickly rise to your 3 feet Explain in complete detail how your Autonomic Nervous System reacts to prevent blood from pooling in your feet and causing you to black out due to lack of O2 in the brain When you stand up gravity causes blood to go to your lower extremities When you stand up blood leaving your upper extremities causes the blood pressure in the carotid arteries to decrease This decrease in blood pressure decreases the rate of baroreceptor firing in the carotid sinus This causes a decrease in the throttling back of the sympathetic nervous system in the NTS and the body thus produces a stronger sympathetic response The body increases HR and contractility which increase CO supplying more blood to the upper extremities It will also cause constriction of vessels to lower extremities Add auto regulation to lower extremities because more blood pressure 4 Draw the effect of a antagonist of the following BP trace The drug is added at the arrow Now EXPLAIN the effects of this blocker on each of the following a HR decreases b TPR increases c SV increases d DP decreases 3 Please PRINT your name 5 Now let s do just few more using I D or No Agent Applied HR SV TPR VR DP Muscarinic agonist 1 agonist Atropine D NC I Histamine NC I D D D D I I D D D I D D I I D 6 On the following axes please provide the plot Then place the correct ONE letter that indicates the position of each event listed below the graphs Aortic Pressure TIME EVENT Letter s s Opening of ventricular L Type Channels Opening of Funny Channels a b c d e f i h T wave of ECG P wave of ECG QRS complex of ECG Aortic valve opens Mitral valve opens First heart sound A B C D E F G H 4 7 Please fill in the following graphs Please PRINT your name Alveolar Wall Tension Venous Return Medullary A pool Neuron Activity Rate of Urine Output Alveolar radius saturation of Hemoglobin Right Atrial Pressure Right Atrial Pressure Total Plasma CO2 Cerebrospinal Fluid pH Plasma ANP Plasma CO2 Total Plasma CO2 Interstitial Fluid Volume Efferent Vagal Nerve Activity Venous Plasma Cl 5 Please PRINT your name 8 Why not a few I D or No a As plasma 2 3 DPG increases saturation of Hb in the lungs After sympathetic stimulation arterial compliance As alveolar P of O2 increases above 100 mm Hg saturation of Hb As plasma protein decreases capillary fluid reabsorption As alveolar radius increases the total tension of the alveolar wall During light exercise in a healthy individual venous blood pressure As renal blood flow decreases urine sodium During the plateau of the ventricular muscle cell action potential membrane potassium conductance As interstitial fluid protein increases interstitial fluid volume As plasma CO2 increases phrenic nerve activity As CO2 decreases in the plasma the TPR As alveolar P of oxygen decreases to 80 mm Hg the CO will As plasma Angiotensin II increases Na URINE During hyperventilation CSF pH During hyperventilation arterial P of O2 b c d e f g h i j k l m n o a NC b D c NC d D e I f I g D h D i I j I k D l I m D n I o NC 6 Please PRINT your name 9 The Ejection Fraction as defined in your text is equal to SV EDV a Describe the physiological problems facing a patient who suffers from a decreased Ejection Fraction Less oxygen to tissues less cardiac output b Describe ONE homeostatic response complete feedback loop please that would attempt to correct this condition In order to increase the ejection fraction the person s body would increase sympathetic activity The sympathetic activity is activated by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies aortic arch and medulla With less flow of blood throughout the body byproducts of cellular respiration like CO2 would accumulate in the body This would decrease the pH of the blood There would also be a greater concentration of CO2 gas dissolved in the blood which can pass through the blood brain barrier and decrease the pH in the CSF The decreased pH outside of the CNS would be sensed by the chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic which would then cause a decrease in the stimulation of the NTS This would then cause more sympathetic and less parasympathetic activity Thus cardiac output would increase to increase blood flowing to bodily tissues The same would happen with chemoreceptors in the medulla Once returned to normal value NTS activity would resume and sympathetic activity would be throttled back Could also be done by baroreceptors 7