Mid Term Exam Study Guide Spring 2013 MUSC210 This is not definitive Continue to use your notes and the readings to study for the exam Culture Areas China Arcadia Louisiana Russia Colombia Indonesia Java Bali India Afghanistan Key Terms and relations 1 Ethnomusicology the study of music and its influence and effect on human interactions a How it impacts lives b How it is influenced influences 2 Multi disciplinary field combining several usually separate branches of learning together 3 Pitch a Quality of sound b Position high vs low c When you have more than one pitch you have a space or an interval i Subsequent pitches collection ii Building blocks notes that help create music iii Can be ascending or descending iv Major happy v Minor sad vi Draw from the notes from the pitches a Sequence of notes in ascending or descending ordered by frequency or pitch i Ascending ordered by increasing pitch ii Descending ordered by decreasing pitch d Pitches create a scale 4 Scale 5 Qin ancient Chinese string zither a 7 strings b Two holds c Neck should waist i Shape represents humanity the human body d Length 3chi feet 6 cun inches 5 fen mm i Represents 365 days in a year e Meditation i Very quiet instrument ii In accordance to Confucian and daoist Buddhist beliefs 6 Pipa a 4 stringed lute with bent neck b Came from Persia so its foreign c Types of songs i Wen lyrical ii Wue martial d Those who play the pipa i Not historically highly regarded entertainment 7 Literati ii Low social status iii Generally women iv Learned orally 1 How far or slow how loud or soft how to strum the instrument 2 The notation is mnemonic e Performing the pipa i Can use a pic very large to the string with and get a louder sounds out of the instrument ii Played upright using finger picks f Could be used as court music and people would be hired to play the pipa for a Cultivated or superior man b Members were powerful officials in the local government c Requirements to be a member i Have to pass exams in order to be a member 1 Start exams at age 16 2 Only 2 of 10 000 people taking the exams pass ii Meritocracy if you can accomplish the goals set for you then you can be a member iii Have to be male iv They are able to pull in family members who have the potential to do well on these exams to other positions 1 Can adopt sons if you don t have any d Lived close to the center of China or where the emperor lived and worked e Scholars in the 4 arts i Shu calligraphy writing in the form of characters 1 Proves literacy ii Hua painting the sister arts iii Qi chess critical thinking iv Qin the guqin 1 Understanding the symbolism of the aspects of the painting 1 Understanding strategy being able to think ahead shows skills in 1 Having the ability to play and understand the instrument 2 Confucius ideals of music and theme a A portable musical instrument with metal reeds blown by bellows played by 8 Accordion means of keys and buttons 9 Washboard a Distinct Creole sound is from a steel washboard or a rub board i A bottle opener spoon or other implement is rubbed against b Modern playing technique developed by Clifton Chenier 10 Cajun a Music of the Cajuns i Originally from Acadia ii Settled in New Orleans where they sustained French traditions and language but also mixed with Spanish Native Americans Euro America and African American peoples to create the culture and musical style of Cajun iii Creole people had the greatest impact on the Cajun music and the zydeco tradition b Emphasis is often on the sound of the words i Language as sound c Cajun songs was one of the few means of preserving the Cajun French dialect d Performance i Settings that are closely associated with Cajun family and social life ii Community dances 11 Zydeco a Distinctly Creole music i Highly influenced by the Creole people ii Borrowed from African American and Caribbean traditions 1 Blues rhythm and blues and reggae 2 Adopting the bass guitar percussion and the saxophone b Uses the voice fiddle accordion electric guitar and sometimes piano i Began using the piano key accordion instead of old button accordions ii Distinct sound is from a steel washboard or a rub board 1 A bottle opener spoon or other implement is rubbed against a Band that plays salsa music 12 Diaspora 13 Migration 14 Clifton Chenier a Credited with inventing the usual for of the washboard used today i A corrugated steel plate extending from a collar draped over the player s shoulders that covers the chest ii Allows the played to keep the rhythm and move around and lead dancing b Led Zydeco musicians 15 Acculturation another culture a Modification and change of an group or people by adapting to or borrowing traits of i A merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact b Process by which Creole and Cajun music were formed 16 Musical tradition i e preserving language and culture a Cajun music was one of the few means of preserving the Cajun French dialect i People were discouraged from learning or speaking Cajun so that they might better fit into mainstream society a Combination of Afro Cuban Puerto Rican and jazz musical traditions b The name salsa came from the record industry hot sauce 17 Settler culture 18 Salsa 19 Nostalgia 20 Cuban son a One of Freud s trauma neuroses b A longing for a home place a History of salsa and invented tradition b Son as Afro Cuban dance song genre having two sections c The strophic verse section and the montuno call and response section d Cres a Cuban three stringer guitar e Bongos a small wooden double hand drum f Claves two round polished hardwood sticks percussion instrument string bass g 1940s 50s i Added piano bass trumpets winds ii Timbales tuned high pitched drums played with sticks bell iii Guiro hollow instrument with ridges h Calco Polyrhythm Structure i 3 2 or 2 3 21 Composition a Musical piece is written before playing b Aspect of Raga 22 Improvisation a Music is made up while playing b Aspect of Raga 23 Raga a A scale pitch collection and associated music and extra musical ideas i How pitches relate to each other ii Melodic aspect in Indian classic music 1 Tala recurring metric cycle in classic Indian music 2 Return to the sam b North Inslam i Hindustani c South Hindu i Carnatic d Beliefs i Afternoon or evening raga ii Healing e Common elecments i Time ii Pitch 1 Raga iii Layering concept 1 Drone 2 Melody 3 Percussion 24 Hindustani Carnatic a Hindustani i Associated with the northern part of India 1 Influences of Islam ii Tansen iii Gharana system