The TalmudAkibaDominant intellectual/religious figure of the second centuryContributes in the three major areas of studyHalakhaHagada/AgadaMidrash- seeking out, interpretation outside of textHalakhaSystemAvoidance of rigidityTakanot“et la’asot le-ha-shem, heferu toratekha” (Ps. 119.126)Community must be able to bear rulingsHagada/AgadaBoth halakha and aggada attach meaning to biblical textsSpeculativeFolk literature and textSome non-exegetical (Avot)“Organic thinking”Mishna- studyR. Judah the Prince died 217Code? Anthology?Authority from his office—patriarchIncludes individual opinions (Factionalism)LanguageContemporary anthologies of Midrash and braitotMythology of oral lawGemaraTana vs Amora (authority figures of mishnah vs Gemara)Late 4th and early 5th centuryPeriod of imperial chaos (235-285), poverty and decline?Competition with ChristianityPalestinian Talmud: (mishnah + gemara)Expansion and clarification of Mishna (textcreativity)Gemara IIBabylonianMajor centerAbba (Arikha)—pupil of R. JudahRavIntermediary RoleResh Galuta as alternate source of authorityMishnah closes the period- no more arguingShmuel (d. 254) in Neharde’aRav in SuraRav Ashi (375-427) TalmudEastern Aramiac & more HebrewMore voluminous & popular elementsGradual perfectionSaboraim11/12/2012 21:24:00← The Talmud← Akiba← Dominant intellectual/religious figure of the second century← Contributes in the three major areas of study← Halakha← Hagada/Agada← Midrash- seeking out, interpretation outside of text← Halakha← System← Avoidance of rigidity← Takanot← “et la’asot le-ha-shem, heferu toratekha” (Ps. 119.126)← Community must be able to bear rulings← Hagada/Agada← Both halakha and aggada attach meaning to biblical texts← Speculative← Folk literature and text← Some non-exegetical (Avot)← “Organic thinking”← Mishna- study← R. Judah the Prince died 217← Code? Anthology?← Authority from his office—patriarch← Includes individual opinions (Factionalism)← Language← Contemporary anthologies of Midrash and braitot← Mythology of oral law← Gemara← Tana vs Amora (authority figures of mishnah vs Gemara)← Late 4th and early 5th century← Period of imperial chaos (235-285), poverty and decline?← Competition with Christianity← Palestinian Talmud: (mishnah + gemara)← Expansion and clarification of Mishna (textcreativity)← Gemara II← Babylonian← Major center← Abba (Arikha)—pupil of R. Judah← Rav← Intermediary Role← Resh Galuta as alternate source of authority← Mishnah closes the period- no more arguing← Shmuel (d. 254) in Neharde’a← Rav in Sura← Rav Ashi (375-427) Talmud← Eastern Aramiac & more Hebrew← More voluminous & popular elements← Gradual perfection← Saboraim←←←11/12/2012 21:24:00←11/12/2012
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