HLTH471 Exam 2 Study Guide Covers Violence Against Women Food Access Sexuality Anatomy Menstruation Gynecological visit Gynecological conditions and Pregnancy Violence Against Women Why is violence considered a public health issue Violence is a leading cause of injury disability and premature death Violence is a significant disparity disproportionately affecting young people and people of color Violence increases the risk of other poor health outcomes What are the public health approaches to preventing violence Primary Prevention efforts designed to prevent violence before it occurs Data Driven approaches based on data that describes the nature of the problem as well as contributing risk and resilience factors Collaborative multiple partners from public health law enforcement education recreation economic development mental health substance abuse business and others working together to produce change Population Based seeking community wide or environmental solutions Consent The affirmative consent standard yes is the only consent Consent is something that the other person has to give you you don t just have it It is too easy to misinterpret body language It is not always intentional to misinterpret body language but one could face serious assault or rape charges because of this misinterpretation YES is the only consent Violence Against Women Act Secured buy in from formerly engaged systems like law enforcement courts and social services Created a federal leadership role that has encouraged tribes states and local government to improve responses to victims and perpetrators Established new federal crimes of domestic violence sexual assault and stalking to fill in jurisdictional gaps in prosecuting these crimes Defined the crimes of domestic violence dating violence sexual assault and stalking as well as identifying promising practices to respond to these crimes Focused on the needs of underserved communities such as immigrant and Native American women Challenges of immigrant women Language barrier afraid of legal Consequences deportation if they seek help May be completely dependent on her abusive partner financially Immigrant Women T Visa Provide immigration protection to victims of human trafficking U Visa Designated for victims of certain crimes who have suffered mental or physical abuse because of the crime T and U Visas offer Ability to remain in the United States Temporary work authorization T Visas are for victims of trafficking U Visas are for victims of assault or abuse This relieves some worry of being deported or other consequences so women will report these crimes to officials The LGBT Community and Native American Women are two particular groups that face more challenges regarding violence LGBT Community Experience violence at the same rate as the rest of the population Many laws do not aid gay or transgender persons Services are not LGBT friendly Native American Women Complex tribal laws 86 of perpetrators are non native and outside tribal jurisdiction Child Abuse Code of Maryland regulations defines child abuse and child neglect as Physical injury Failure to give proper care and attention Sexual molestation or exploitation Impairment of a child s mental or psychological ability to function Finding credible evidence that has not been satisfactorily refuted that physical abuse neglect or sexual abuse occurred Estimates range from 10 50 of child abuse cases never get reported to the police or child protective services Why would an adult who suspects child abuse not report it Different cultural views of discipline Doesn t want to overstep boundaries or intrude Doesn t want child to get taken away just wants the situation to change Parent may find out who reported and retaliate on the child or the other adult Someone may be afraid that the situation could get worse if they tell Someone may think that the child is exaggerating so they want credible information before they report Mandated Reporting In Maryland you are a mandated reporter if you are one of the following Health practitioner Educator Human service worker Police officer Foster care is a completely broken system therefore a social worker may not report child abuse because of this Making a report Does not require proof that abuse or neglect has occurred before reporting Anyone that makes a good faith report is immune from civil liability and criminal penalty in the court Must make an oral and written report to the local department of social services not later than 48 hours after the contact What happens after reporting to Child Protective Services CPS The investigation must include The nature extent and cause of the neglect or abuse The identity of the individual s responsible for the neglect or abuse The name age and condition of every other child in the household Any other pertinent information Food Access Maryland Hunger Solutions Founded by the Food Research and Action Center in 2007 to Maximize participation in all federal nutrition programs through a combination of removal of obstacles to participation close work with social service agencies and outreach Educate the public and key stakeholders both to the stark reality of hungers existence in Maryland and to solutions that are already at hand Improve public policies to end hunger reduce poverty and promote nutrition Food Security having access to enough food for an active healthy life Food Insecurity the lack of access to enough food to fully meet basic needs at all times due to lack of financial resources Hunger the uneasy or painful sensation caused by a lack of food and a potential consequence of food insecurity Food Security Maryland Statistics 12 5 of Maryland households are considered to be food insecure 5 6 are living in households that were considered to have very low food security Food Security Hardship Have there been times in the past twelve months when you did not have enough money to buy food that you and your family needed Maryland Food Hardship Rate 2008 2009 15 3 1 in 7 2009 2010 16 5 1 in 6 2010 2011 16 3 1 in 6 2009 2010 Households with children 20 8 1 in 5 Food Security Lifelong health and economic effects Domino effect of negative consequences Low birth weight Obesity Mental health issues Dental health problems Poor education outcomes Long term economic costs Food Security Causes Costs of living Local variation in household income and employment Resource allocation children and disabled family members Availability and utilization of