Exercise Testing Study Guide 2Tony Berardi1. See other study guide.2. What are some of the benefits of regular PA?- Pretty much everything. PA lowers LDL, TG, CHL, increases HDL, improves body comp ect.3. When should you stop a stress test?- When an individual is performing a stress test, whether it is maximal or sub-maximal, you shouldstop it if: They have a drop in SBP of 10 mmHg or more with an increase of workload, Angina HR fails to increase with an increase in workload they achieve a SBP of 250 or a DBP of 115 they get short of breath, start wheezing, there are arrhythmias, signs of poor perfusion there are technical difficulties they display ST segment elevation or depression syncope or if they simply want to stop A test should also be terminated if the client reaches 85% of max HR if it is a sub-max (after this point, it is no longer considered a sub max effort)4. What are some of the field tests that we use to assess cardiorespiratory function?- Cardiorespiratory fitness is related to the ability to perform large muscles, dynamic, moderate and high intensity exercise for prolonged periods of time. Simple the state of the respiratory and the cardiovascular system. There are different categories of tests that can be used to assessthe efficiency, and on type is called field tests. These include performing a timed event as long as possible or completing a certain distance as fast as possible. Examples would be the 12 minute test, or the 1.5 mile run. If the client is in poor cardiovascular shape, you can implementa 1 mile walk test, or a 6 min walk test. 5. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of sub-maximal testing?- Going along with what was said in the above question, there are two classes of testing for cardiorespiratory function. There is maximal and sub-maximal testing. Maximal is a Vo2 test with tubes and shit. Not really practical. Sub-maximal is the one used most often (field test are a type of sub-maximal test). The advantages to using a sub-maximal test are that they are more practical, cheaper,you can usually test more than one person, any trained person can administer one (maximal needs a highly trained tester), and they are generally safer. Disadvantages are that we do not know the true Vo2 since this can only be determined in a maximal test, thus meaning that the Vo2 will not be a direct, just an estimate. Also the RPP is not measured since there is no gas exchange being measured. We also don’t know their clients true max heart rate.6. Identify sources of error that are involved in a sub-maximal test?- Some errors are unavoidable with a sub max test. Some examples are that the client’s true heart rate is not known, since the 220-age is only an estimate. Not knowing the true HR can skew the Vo2 result by as much as 20%. Some tests, like the fields test, could turn into maximal depending if the client is really out of shape. With the cycle ergometer test, the main disadvantage is that most people don’t cycle, so their muscles aren’t use to that mode, leading to faster fatigue than their real fitness would show.7. What are the four assumptions we make when doing a sub-maximal test?- Because of the sources of error listed above, certain assumptions are made when conduction a sub max test. that the client achieves a steady state HR on every stage that the is a linear relationship between HR and V02 max (since we are using their HR to predict the V02) That the 220-age predicted HR is uniform with all ages (not always true) And that everyone client has the same mechanical efficiency (defiantly not true for professional cyclists and sedentary people for example. The cyclists are way more efficient)8. What is meant be steady state?- Steady state means simply that, steady state. For the sub-maximal tests, the client must achievea steady state with their HR before progressing to the next workload. This means that the two HR you take have to be +/- 5 beats to be considered in steady state. If they differ by more than 5 beats, you must continue for another minute or so until they achieve it. This is the first assumption9. What is the Rate of Perceived Exertion scale?- The RPE scale is a scale of 6-20 that is used by assess the client’s exertion level. It goes from very, very light to very, very hard. The scale is based on the client’s own feeling of exertion and it is used in maximal and sub-maximal test. The reason it is 6-20 is because it is loosly based on an idea of HR. So 6 is equal to a HR of 60 and so on.10. Know general procedures for sum-maximal cycle ergonometer and bench step.- Both of these are a sub-maximal test, so they should only last until the client achiever 85% of their HR (based from the 220-age formula) For the cycle test, the client goes through three to four stages to raise their HR. Using the obtained HR, one could estimate Vo2 using the formulas. The cycle test is considered the best sub max test. The procedure is as follows: There are multiple3 minutes stages, and HR is recorded at the end of the second at third minute. You want to get this 2 values in steady state (+/- 5 beats), if not steady state, prolong stage by 1 minutes, then recheck. Then you plot these values on a graph. Also BP and RPE should be recorded each stage. Look at the specific directions to understand more. For the bench step test, the client steps up a platform at a certain cadence. In the most common test, its 3 minutes and uses a 12 inch step, and a cadence of 24 stepsa minute. HR is taken after test. 11. Know systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure. Know how to calculate MAP, PP, and RPP. SBP is the pressure of the blood on the arteries when the heart contracts (systole). So it is when the heart contracts. DBP is the lowest pressure of the blood on the arteries when the heart is resting (in diastole) Mean arterial pressure has 3 different ways to measure. The direct measure is COxTPR (resistance). This method can only be performed by invasive techniques. So there are other formulas. 1/3(SBP-DBP) + DBP is used if the heart rate is below 100, and ½(SBP-DBP) + DBP if the heart rate is above 100. Pulse Pressure is simply SBP-DBP Rate Pressure Product is defined as an indirect measure of O2 consumption in the heart. The formula is HRxSBP/100 12. How do you calculate Heart rate reserve using the Karvonen method? Know how to find
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