Harrison Narcotics Act- make sure it’s not a federal intervention; SouthStories of African America men getting high on cocaine and going on shooting sprees bfHistory of drug prohibition is deeply intertwined with racial and ethnic prejudicesAnti-German and anti-IrishIrish getting foothold in city politicsTaxing and regulationConnection between Mexican laborers and marijuana smokingDrugs in social contextHistory- deeply connect with race and ethnicityWhile some drug markets open up, others closeDMTIreland is currently- crisis with valueSome drugs used in youth movements (unexpected)Social Structure- drugs became hot button political issueWaves of interest in drug useHard for politician to be successful if they don’t take a prohibitionist stand to drugsInternational- stop flow of illegal drugs between borders/countriesSupporting some drug dealers and opposing othersSupport/defeat global interestThe group and the individual- rationality and agencyPeople make conscious decision to use drugs or notFactors that structure peoples choicesThe body- fucks everything upRighteous DopefiendMoral Economy- similar set of values that inform them when to hustle and when to not; when to share and when to notHabitus- our deepest likes, dislikes, and our permanent dispositions including those of our existing body; deeply engrained culture; misrecognize it as instinct or common senseSymbolic violence- homeless addicts experience physical violence; also experience blocked opportunities and economic marginalization; poverty is a type of violence“Lumpen Abuse”- Lumpen proletariat; poorest of the poor; no class consciousness; abuse that the poorest of the poor experience; internalize abuse (come to believe they are the scum of the earth)Intimate apartheid- system of racial segregation in south Africa; Jim Crow Law’s; refers to legal segregation that was going on in South Africa in an intimate senseNeoliberalism- structures the experience of addiction and homelessness in the encampment; economics liberalism; historical moment where free market policies reign and there’s a decline in social programs and government services; changes start to occur in 70’s and 80’s (deindustrialization) caused disruption;The closer we are in proximity, the more likely we will feel empathy for victims of an incident.Common collective conscienceRational choice theory (RCT)- starts from assumption that criminals are rationalWay to prevent is raise the cost of crime, or make it harder to commitPeople weigh costs and benefits and act accordinglyBounded rationality- make shortcuts based on imperfect information; Gambling rationality is important because it is argued that humans do not maintain rationalityChoice-structuring properties- shape our cost/benefit analysisAvailability of certain items when shopliftingSoft-targets vs. hard-targetsmarathons are considered soft-targetshave to hardeni.e. more security at eventsRCT explains small crimes like shopliftersMore experienced shoplifters have better cost and benefits analysisLess experienced shoplifters go for expensive items; more likely to be reckless; didn’t notice certain security cluesSuicide bombingDifferential association theoryEdwin Sutherland introduces idea in 1930’sOne of first modern criminologist“white collared crime”came up with DATthought about crime was that it came from psychologically deranged peopleCRIME IS LEARNED!Learn techniqueSpecific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudesFavorable or unfavorable definitions of legal codesBecomes delinquent because of excess of definitions favorable to code of lawsMarijuana users depicted as psychologically normalSocial processLearning techniqueLearning experience- recognizes experiences as “pleasurable” through social processesRational choice theory- cost/benefit analysis; ends up choosing crimeMarijuana vs. alcohol and the effects on the brainDifferential association theory- peers influence other peers to develop certain attitudes“Acquaintances wonder if one brother brainwashed the other (Boston)”early peer pressure theorySpeeding?DAT- we might learn that speeding is acceptableRCT- Weighing cost and benefits; might get ticket but risk is slimChild Abuse?RCT- quickest way a parent can get their child to do something they wantDAT- learn that abuse is ok if abuser grew up in abusive householdSymbolic violence- referring to the act where a person misunderstands inequality as either their own personal failing, or the natural order of things.Lumpen- the historical fall out of large-scale, long-term transformations in the organization of the economy.Members of lumpen have no productive raison d’etre. Expelled from engagement.Neoliberal- advocate free marketMilton FriedmanThomas FriedmanShrinking of worldDecline of government controls over marketSoccer stadium massacre (70’s)Drug consumption as racialized habitusSomething racial and deeply engrained in the ways people are using drugs in EdgewaterRacial differences in drug consumptionSymbolic violence of public health outreachDirected towards homelessIatrogenic pathology- something that’s created by the cure (after affect)“from the healer” greekhair loss during chemotherapyharm reduction- drug control strategy; target population is probably going to do the bad thing you don’t want them to do; allow them to do bad thing in the safest way possiblecomprehensive sex educationbleach kits for dirty needles (addicts)why is methadone “biopower in action?”refers to state imposing itself on human bodiesdrug testing welfare recipientsKU employees have to pay $500 extra in health insuranceSubmit to biometric screening (save $500)Improve health of ALL KU employees?Methadone- heroine substituteOften given in liquid form often at different clinicsmid 70’sVietnam vetsActually more addicting than heroineTrading one addiction for anotherNo end gameMaintains addictionCreates secondary drug market around treatment centersObjectivist approach- why do some people become criminals or deviantsWhat are the factors that lead people to commit crimesConstructivist approach- why are some behaviors seen as criminal or deviant and other behaviors are not?Moral panic theory- instances or events we overreact to as a societyLabeling theory- idea that behaviors are deviant only when society labels them as deviant.Can mental health experts distinguish between sane and insane people?Can you get out of mental hospital on own devices?Labels are